Two new species of freshwater Sciaenidae genera Pachyurus and Plagioscion are described from Amazon River basin. Pachyurus junki sp. n. differs from its congeners by the following characters combination: posterior tip of pelvic fin distant from the anus, interorbital width less than 6.0 times in the head length, second anal fin spine more than 2.1 times in the head length, 29 to 33 soft rays in the dorsal fin, 11 to 16 rows of scales above to lateral line, 11 to 16 rows of scales below, and 58 to 68 perfored scales in the lateral line. Plagioscion montei sp. n. differs from its congeners by having: anus distant from the anal fin, the distance anus-anal fin from 2.4 to 5.0 times in the head length; pectoral fin relatively long, when adpressed its posterior tip reaches or surpasses the vertical line that crosses the anus; interorbital width relatively large, from 3.5 to 4.9 times in the head length, and second anal fin spine strong and short, from 2.5 to 4.4 times in the head length.
Pachyurus; Plagioscion; Sciaenidae; new species; Amazon River Basin