THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF ARGUMENTATIVE ANALYSIS: AN INTRODUCTION

GONÇALVES-SEGUNDO, Paulo Roberto

Paulo Roberto GONÇALVES-SEGUNDO

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, São Paulo - SP - Brazil . paulosegundo@usp.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-8098

Figures (6)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
– Subordinative Argumentation

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Figure 2
– Multiple Argumentation

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Figure 3
– Cumulative Coordinative Argumentation

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Figure 4
– Complementary Coordinative Argumentation

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Figure 5
– Functional Configuration Analysis

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Figure 6
– Macrostructural Analysis 23

1: You were Education Minister for six years and a half and during three years you were heavily criticized for the failures in ENEM (National High School Exam).

2: There were frauds and mistakes that ended up harming the lives of millions of students.

3: Your reputation as an administrator is jeopardized.

4: I’m the Education Minister who most expanded higher education in the country, with ProUni (University for All Program), with the expansion of federal institutions, with the new FIES (Student Loan Fund).

5: I’m the Education Minister who most expanded professional education in the country.

6: I, alone, built 224 technical/vocational schools, which is more than the sum of all my predecessors.

7: I improved the Elementary School quality after a dramatic fall in the nineties.

8: Brazil figures nowadays in the international reports as a case of success.

9: Both UNESCO and the OECD recognized the effort Brazil made.

10: What happened though against ENEM was a crime, not a fraud.

11: A criminal was identified, judged and punished with five years in jail/A person who was not part of the public administration and who acted as an insider in the printing office, which is the most modern in the country, committed a crime, was identified and punished.²⁴

12: I’d like that the opposition, instead of criticizing me, supported me.

13. We would support José Serra if a saboteur were to be identified in the subway crater episode.

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Original Version (Portuguese) Translated Version (English) César Tralli – O senhor foi ministro da Educação durante seis anos e meio e por três anos foi duramente criticado nas falhas do Enem. Foram fraudes e erros que acabaram prejudicando a vida de milhões de estudantes. Isso não compromete a sua imagem de administrador? Fernando Haddad – Olha Tralli eu sou o ministro da Educação que mais expandiu a educação superior no país, com o ProUni, com a expansão das federais, com o novo Fies. Sou o ministro da Educação que mais expandiu a educação profissional no país. Eu sozinho construí 224 escolas técnicas, que é mais que a soma de todos os meus antecessores. Eu melhorei a qualidade do ensino fundamental no país depois de uma queda drástica nos anos 90. O Brasil hoje figura nos relatórios internacionais como caso de sucesso porque saiu da inércia. Não pelo patamar que atingiu mas porque está no rumo certo. Então, tanto a Unesco, a Onu quando a UCDE, que são os países ricos, reconhecem o esforço que o Brasil fez. Agora, se houve um crime contra o Enem, e foi um crime, não foi uma fraude. Um criminoso foi identificado, julgado e punido com cinco anos de cadeia. Eu gostaria que a oposição, ao invés de me criticar, se solidarizasse comigo. Porque houve um crime, e o culpado foi identificado e punido com cinco anos de cadeia. Imagina na cratera do Metrô, se fosse identificado um sabotador, nós iríamos nos solidarizar com o José Serra 19 , que era o governador à época. Mas não, o que aconteceu lá foi um erro, foi um homicídio culposo. Não foi o caso do que aconteceu no Enem, uma pessoa de fora da administração pública e dentro de uma gráfica que é a mais moderna do país cometeu um crime, foi identificado e punido. 20 César Tralli – You were Education Minister for six years and a half and for three years you were heavily criticized for the failures in ENEM (National High School Exam). There were frauds and mistakes that ended up harming the lives of millions of students. Doesn’t that jeopardize your reputation as an administrator? Fernando Hadda d – You see, Tralli, I’m the Education Minister who most expanded higher education in the country, with ProUni (University for All Program), with the expansion of federal institutions, with the new FIES (Student Loan Fund). I’m the Education Minister who most expanded professional education in the country. I, alone, built 224 technical/vocational schools, which is more than the sum of all my predecessors. I improved the Elementary School quality after a dramatic fall in the nineties. Brazil figures nowadays in the international reports as a case of success for we left inertia. Not because we achieved an ideal level, but because we are in the right path. Thus, both UNESCO and the OECD recognized the effort Brazil made. What happened, though, against ENEM was a crime, not a fraud. A criminal was identified, judged, and punished with five years in jail. I’d like that the opposition, instead of criticizing me, supported me, because there was a crime, and the guilty party was identified and punished with five years in jail. Imagine if a saboteur were to be identified in the episode of the subway crater... We would support José Serra who was the governor at the time. But no... in this case, there was a mistake, a culpable homicide. That was not the case with ENEM. A person who was not part of the public administration and who acted as an insider in the printing office, which is the most modern in the country, committed a crime, was identified, and punished. 1920

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Chart 1
– (Dis)Analogy between the Subway Crater Episode and the ENEM Events

Original Version (Portuguese)

Translated Version (English)

César Tralli – O senhor foi ministro da Educação durante seis anos e meio e por três anos foi duramente criticado nas falhas do Enem. Foram fraudes e erros que acabaram prejudicando a vida de milhões de estudantes. Isso não compromete a sua imagem de administrador?
Fernando Haddad – Olha Tralli eu sou o ministro da Educação que mais expandiu a educação superior no país, com o ProUni, com a expansão das federais, com o novo Fies. Sou o ministro da Educação que mais expandiu a educação profissional no país. Eu sozinho construí 224 escolas técnicas, que é mais que a soma de todos os meus antecessores. Eu melhorei a qualidade do ensino fundamental no país depois de uma queda drástica nos anos 90. O Brasil hoje figura nos relatórios internacionais como caso de sucesso porque saiu da inércia. Não pelo patamar que atingiu mas porque está no rumo certo. Então, tanto a Unesco, a Onu quando a UCDE, que são os países ricos, reconhecem o esforço que o Brasil fez. Agora, se houve um crime contra o Enem, e foi um crime, não foi uma fraude. Um criminoso foi identificado, julgado e punido com cinco anos de cadeia. Eu gostaria que a oposição, ao invés de me criticar, se solidarizasse comigo. Porque houve um crime, e o culpado foi identificado e punido com cinco anos de cadeia. Imagina na cratera do Metrô, se fosse identificado um sabotador, nós iríamos nos solidarizar com o José Serra ¹⁹ , que era o governador à época. Mas não, o que aconteceu lá foi um erro, foi um homicídio culposo. Não foi o caso do que aconteceu no Enem, uma pessoa de fora da administração pública e dentro de uma gráfica que é a mais moderna do país cometeu um crime, foi identificado e punido. ²⁰

César Tralli – You were Education Minister for six years and a half and for three years you were heavily criticized for the failures in ENEM (National High School Exam). There were frauds and mistakes that ended up harming the lives of millions of students. Doesn’t that jeopardize your reputation as an administrator?
Fernando Hadda d – You see, Tralli, I’m the Education Minister who most expanded higher education in the country, with ProUni (University for All Program), with the expansion of federal institutions, with the new FIES (Student Loan Fund). I’m the Education Minister who most expanded professional education in the country. I, alone, built 224 technical/vocational schools, which is more than the sum of all my predecessors. I improved the Elementary School quality after a dramatic fall in the nineties. Brazil figures nowadays in the international reports as a case of success for we left inertia. Not because we achieved an ideal level, but because we are in the right path. Thus, both UNESCO and the OECD recognized the effort Brazil made. What happened, though, against ENEM was a crime, not a fraud. A criminal was identified, judged, and punished with five years in jail. I’d like that the opposition, instead of criticizing me, supported me, because there was a crime, and the guilty party was identified and punished with five years in jail. Imagine if a saboteur were to be identified in the episode of the subway crater... We would support José Serra who was the governor at the time. But no... in this case, there was a mistake, a culpable homicide. That was not the case with ENEM. A person who was not part of the public administration and who acted as an insider in the printing office, which is the most modern in the country, committed a crime, was identified, and punished.

Source Domain	Projection Criteria	Target Domain
Subway crater episode	Event	Problems in the application of ENEM
Deaths	(Negative) Consequences	Harms in the lives of students
Population	Affected	Students/Government
State government	Level of governance	Federal Government
Government Agents/José Serra (no saboteurs)	Responsibility	Criminals/Printing Office
Mistake/Culpable Homicide	Evaluation of the event	Crime/Victim
Condemnation	Expected Reaction (from the population)	Empathy

[TFN1001] ¹⁹²⁰

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THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF ARGUMENTATIVE ANALYSIS: AN INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT