The influence of i<i>n ovo</i> feeding of black cumin extract on the physiological responses of broilers under hot tropical environments

Oyelola, Omolayo Bose; Iyasere, Oluwaseun Serah; Adeleye, Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju; Emmanuel Oke, Oyegunle

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v46i1.62653

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NONRUMINANT NUTRITION • Acta Sci., Anim. Sci. 46 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v46i1.62653 copy

The influence of in ovo feeding of black cumin extract on the physiological responses of broilers under hot tropical environments

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of in ovo feeding of black cumin extract (BC) on the intestinal morphology and physiological responses of broilers thermally challenged during incubation. The study involved the use of seven hundred Marshall broiler hatching eggs, which were assigned to 7 in ovo feeding treatments at embryonic day 17.5, as follows: eggs injected with 8 mg (EN), 6 mg (SN), 4 mg (FN), 2 mg (TN)BC, no in ovo feeding (NI), 0.9 % saline solution (SS), and 3 mg vitamin C (VC). Juvenile growth performance, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), triiodothyronine (T₃), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and haematological and serum biochemical indices were evaluated. The results revealed that the juvenile growth performance of SN birds was better than those of the NI, SS, FN and TN groups. The plasma SOD and T₃ of the birds of SN and VC were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the chickens of NI and SS treatments. The ileal crypt depth recorded in SN birds was lower (p < 0.05) compared to SS and NI values. To conclude, in ovo black cumin extract enhanced the gut health and lymphoid organs of broiler chickens with no pronounced effect on the thermotolerance of the birds at market age.

Keywords:
heat stress; gut; incubation; environment; phytogenic

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: emaoke7@yahoo.co.uk

Parameters	TN	FN	SN	EN	VC	SS	NI	SEM	p-Value
MDA (mg mL^-1)	0.7^b	0.7^b	0.6^d	0.7^bc	0.6^cd	0.8^a	0.9^a	0.030	<.0001
SOD (Unit mL^-1)	2.1^b	1.9^b	3.1^a	2.2^b	2.5^ab	0.7^c	0.7^c	0.237	<.0001
T₃ (ng mL^-1)	2.4^ab	2.2^ab	2.9^a	2.5^ab	2.7^a	1.7^b	1.7^b	0.124	0.0056

Parameters	TN	FN	SN	EN	VC	SS	NI	SEM	P value
Creatinine (mg dL^-1)	0.40^abc	0.35^bc	0.30^c	0.35^bc	0.30^c	0.50^ab	0.55^a	0.027	0.0055
ALT (U L^-1)	86.50^bc	66.50^cd	29.00^e	47.00^de	35.00^e	107.50^b	161.00^a	12.090	<.0001
AST (U L^-1)	119.50^c	109.00^cd	73.50^de	95.50^cde	65.50^e	337.00^b	396.50^a	35.026	<.0001
Total protein (mg dL^-1)	3.05b^c	3.15b^c	4.20^a	3.25^b	4.15^a	2.45^d	2.60^cd	0.178	<.0001
Albumin (mg dL^-1)	1.50^b	1.60^ab	1.80^ab	1.55^b	1.90^a	1.05^c	1.10^c	0.085	0.0001
Globulin (mg dL^-1)	1.55^c	1.55^c	2.40^a	1.70^bc	2.25^ab	1.40^c	1.50^c	0.105	0.0009
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	124.00^b	116.00^bc	93.00^c	114.50^bc	105.50^bc	170.50^a	179.00^a	9.543	0.0418
Triglycerides (mg dL^-1)	97.00^b	62.50^c	56.50^c	71.00^c	51.50^c	113.00^ab	118.50^a	7.183	<.0001
Anti-SRBC	3.32	3.32	3.46	3.39	3.46	2.73	2.59	0.12112	0.2441

Parameters	TN	FN	SN	EN	VC	SS	NI	SEM	p-Value
Before Heat Challenge
Rectal Temp (ºC)	41.75	41.60	41.10	41.15	41.20	42.00	42.15	0.148	0.3327
Respiratory Rate (60 sec)	72.50^abc	65.00^c	65.00^c	65.00^c	67.50^bc	80.00^ab	82.50^a	2.077	0.0135
After Heat Challenge
Rectal Temp (ºC)	41.90	41.78	41.25	41.35	41.40	42.40	42.45	0.153	0.1228
Respiratory Rate (60 sec)	102.50^b	92.50^c	92.50^c	95.00^bc	90.00^c	112.50^a	117.50^a	2.380	0.0001

Parameters	TN	FN	SN	EN	VC	SS	NI	SEM	p value
Duodenum
Villus height (µm)	776.50^ab	623.00^bc	894.00^ab	993.00^a	1066.50^a	405.00^c	391.50^c	71.484	0.0003
Apical width (µm)	50.00	55.00	65.00	55.00	50.00	40.00	40.25	3.693	0.6590
Basal width (µm)	76.50	76.50	94.50	99.00	90.00	54.00	54.00	6.086	0.2443
Crypt depth (µm)	157.50	174.50	148.50	173.50	158.00	179.50	178.50	4.276	0.3403
VCR	5.08^abc	3.58^bc	6.01^ab	5.75^ab	6.76^a	2.27^c	2.20^c	0.497	0.0025
Ileum
Villus height (µm)	585.0^b	715.0^b	1255.0^a	1280.0^a	1160.0^a	420.0^b	475.0^b	84.138	0.0001
Apical width (µm)	30.00	25.00	35.00	40.00	25.00	30.00	30.00	1.951	0.4270
Basal width (µm)	80.00^ab	45.00^b	110.00^ab	130.00^a	100.00a^b	55.00^ab	55.00^ab	9.089	0.0188
Crypt depth (µm)	173.00^ab	175.50^ab	129.00^b	148.50^ab	160.00^ab	180.00^a	180.00^a	5.530	0.0353
VCR	3.25^ab	4.04^ab	9.77^a	8.89^ab	7.30^ab	2.41^b	2.64^ab	0.875	0.0188
Jejunum
Villus height (µm)	675.0^abc	750.0^abc	925.0^ab	1050.0^a	850.0^ab	400.0^bc	260.0^c	77.784	0.0068
Apical width (µm)	35.00	40.00	35.00	35.00	35.00	25.00	30.00	1.991	0.6577
Basal width (µm)	100.00	110.00	200.00	150.00	125.00	65.00	75.00	16.811	0.4183
Crypt depth (µm)	172.50	175.00	172.50	155.00	165.00	180.00	220.00	6.745	0.2125
VCR	4.11^abc	4.29^abc	5.36^ab	6.83^a	5.04^abc	2.22^bc	1.23^c	0.529	0.0111

Parameters	TN	FN	SN	EN	VC	SS	NI	SEM	P Value
Body weight gain, g	1062.08^bc	1075.88^bc	1286.84^a	1218.92^ab	1087.52^bc	1014.57^c	990.24^c	22.972	0.0001
Feed intake, g	2453.5^ab	2524.20^ab	2530.1^ab	2751.1^a	2409.6^b	2437.9^ab	2395.5^b	32.582	0.0353
Feed conversion ratio	2.32^a	2.35^a	1.97^b	2.26^ab	2.22^ab	2.41^a	2.42^a	0.036	0.0028

Parameters	TN	FN	SN	EN	VC	SS	NI	SEM	p-Value
Intestine (%)	4.60	4.11	3.53	5.00	4.80	4.74	5.38	0.208	0.3055
Spleen (%)	0.12	0.16	0.15	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.09	0.008	0.4253
Bursa (%)	0.03^b	0.03^b	0.14^a	0.04^b	0.10^a	0.03^b	0.02^b	0.013	0.0007
Liver (%)	1.87	1.96	2.31	2.60	2.37	2.11	2.01	0.105	0.5976
Kidney (%)	0.73	0.51	0.54	0.58	0.56	0.48	0.54	0.029	0.4164
Heart (%)	0.58	0.51	0.57	0.45	0.62	0.42	0.49	0.024	0.3536
Gizzard (%)	3.25	2.81	2.87	2.54	3.22	2.78	2.78	0.113	0.7268
Proventriculus (%)	0.16	0.09	0.15	0.06	0.10	0.11	0.25	0.018	0.0877