Combining ability of common bean in a complete diallel cross under water deficit

Gonçalves, João Guilherme Ribeiro; Silva, Daiana Alves da; Chiorato, Alisson Fernando; Rovaris, Sara Regina Silvestrin; Gonçalves, Gabriel de Morais Cunha; Carbonell, Sérgio Augusto Morais

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20230172

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CROP BREEDING | Article • Bragantia 83 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230172 copy

Combining ability of common bean in a complete diallel cross under water deficit

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant parents and combinations of common bean based on general and specific combining abilities. A complete diallel was conducted, including the reciprocals, among 12 parents, obtaining 132 populations. These populations and respective parents were evaluated in pots in a greenhouse in a randomized block experimental design with three replications and placed under intermittent water deficit applied in the pre-flowering. Physiological, morphological, and agronomic traits were evaluated, and general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal effect (RE) were estimated. Significant effects were found among the genotypes for most of the traits confirming genetic variability among populations. The additive effects were more expressive than the non-additive effects, with reciprocal effect for some traits. The Carioca Precoce and SER 16 parents exhibited significant GCA, contributing alleles favorable to additive effects for increasing grain yield and harvest index. Significance of SCA and RE was not observed for grain yield. However, the SEA 5 (pollen receptor) × SER 16, Carioca Precoce (pollen receptor) × BRS FP403, and the reciprocal Carioca Precoce (pollen donor) × BRS FP403 hybrid combinations achieved positive estimates for harvest index, which is an indirect selection trait for grain yield. This study allowed selection of progenies coming from the parents Carioca Precoce and SER 16, as manifested favorable traits related to grain yield.

Key words
Phaseolus vulgaris ; abiotic stress; drought; grain yield

Genotype	Genealogy	Origin	Seed coat color	Traits
SER 16	(RAB 651 × TIO CANELA 75) × (RAB 608 × SEA 15)/-MC-2P-MQ-MC-27C-MC-MC	CIAT	Red	Drought tolerance
SEA 5	BAT 477/San Cristobal 83/Guanajuato 31/Rio Tibagi	CIAT	Mulatinho	Drought tolerance
Carioca Precoce	Cultivar improved from the landrace Pitoco	CATI	Carioca	Early cycle, short plant, and resistance to golden mosaic virus
BRSMG Majestoso	Pérola/Ouro Negro	Embrapa	Carioca	Resistance to common mosaic virus and anthracnose, high yield, and grain quality
BRS FP403	POT 51/ICA Pijao/XAN 170/BAC 16/XAN 91	Embrapa	Black	Moderate resistance to Fusarium wilt, early cycle, upright plant architecture, and high yield
G 19841	Unknown	CIAT	Cranberry	High grain weight and hardiness
Wild Mex	Crioulo	Wild variety	Gray with beige streaks	Hardiness and resistance to weevils
Gen TS 3-2	SEA 5/IAC Carioca Tybatã	IAC	Cream	Drought tolerance
Gen TS 3-3	SEA 5/IAC Carioca Tybatã	IAC	Carioca	Drought tolerance
Gen TS 4-8	SEA 5/IAC Alvorada	IAC	Carioca	Drought tolerance
IAC Sintonia	RC2 IAC Alvorada/Pérola	IAC	Carioca	Resistance to Fusarium wilt
IAC Imperador	Carioca Eté/Carioca Precoce/Carioca Eté	IAC	Carioca	Resistance to anthracnose and early cycle

Source of variation	Mean Squares
Source of variation	df	LT	RCI¹	SC¹	RCD	NN	PH¹	LDM¹	SDM¹	TSDM¹	LA¹
Genotype	143	2.95	59.09	1,006.28^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	1.22^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	9.77^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	6,076.69^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	1.06^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.79^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	3.13^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	1,156,261.39 ^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.
GCA	11	10.08	106.84	868.48	10.54^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	60.98^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	5,6647.6^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	2.62^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	2.53^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	7.33^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	4,466,184.56 ^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.
SCA	66	2.19	69.56	972.65 ^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.40	5.93	1,997.55^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.92^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;	0.60	2.72^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;	822,361.20
Reciprocal	66	2.54	41.53	1,062.22^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.49	5.21	1,759.36^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.94^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;	0.69	2.85^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;	943,200.21 ^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.
Mat¹	11	2.63	54.95	1,006.60	0.25	7.24	2,308.03^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.62	0.60	2.28	620,294.60
No Mat²	55	2.53	38.85	1,073.34^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.54	4.81	1,649.63^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	1.00	0.71	2.97	1,007,781.34
Residual	286	3.43	62.40	592.12	0.37	4.44	864.05	0.62	0.55	1.98	620,529.81
CV%		6.64	17.18	21.44	14.07	19.84	19.36	19.04	12.57	10.47	12.45
Source of variation	df	NV^P	NUP¹	NS¹	NEL¹	DF	DM	GY¹	HI¹
Genotype	143	19.01^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	5.96	201.53^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	24.20^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;	26.01^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	65.40^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	4.56^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	0.39^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.
GCA	11	134.49 ^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	20.68 ^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	1,473.70^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	52.20^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	220.11^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	301.10^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	17.26^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	1.34^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.
SCA	66	8.26	4.44	95.43	21.62	9.57^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	48.76	3.67	0.31^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.
Reciprocal	66	10.39	5.04	96.01	21.82	10.00^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	44.97	3.33	0.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;
Mat	11	12.18	7.03	75.69	28.44	8.00^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;	43.86	2.10	0.44^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;
No Mat	55	10.03	4.64	100.07	20.50	10.40^ significant at 1% probability by the F-test.	45.19	3.57	0.28^* * Significant at 5% probability by the F-test;
Residual	286	8.01	4.78	86.22	18.88	4.00	44.74	2.97	0.20
CV%		37.83	22.29	36.43	18.50	5.71	9.91	12.04	7.05

Parent	ĝ_i
	DF	RCD	NN	PH	LDM	SDM	TSDM	LA
	(days)	(cm)	(un.)	(cm)	--------(g)-------			cm²
IAC Imperador	0.44	0.10	-0.37	-7.64^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.03	-0.05	-0.08	-22.41
SEA 5	-2.54^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.27^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-1.01^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-24.84^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.07	-0.22^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.30	-119.47
Carioca Precoce	-0.27	0.03	0.01	0.54	0.09	0.03	0.13	89.95
BRS Majestoso	0.88^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.24^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.04	0.35	0.09	0.05	0.14	-39.04
SER 16	-2.01^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.05	-0.50	-13.46^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.17	0.01	0.18	181.66
G 19841	0.88^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.48^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.22	21.15^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.22^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.09	-0.31	-394.75^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.
Wild Mex	3.65^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-1.01^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	2.72^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	80.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.29^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.26^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.03	369.06^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.
GEN TS 3-2	0.63^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.19^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.00	-12.05^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.07	-0.15	-0.22	-104.69
GEN TS 3-3	-2.44^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.11	-0.33	-19.12^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.20^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.25^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.46^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-431.18^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.
GEN TS 4-8	0.73^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.16^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.32	-6.14	0.00	-0.06	-0.07	-31.19
IAC Sintonia	0.65^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.31^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.02	-0.48	0.26^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.39	0.65^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	183.91
BRS FP403	0.87^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.11	-0.47	-18.62^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.29^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.08	0.37^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	318.15^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.
Parent	ĝ_i
	NVP	NUP	NS	NEL	DM	GY	HI	-
	----------------------(un.)----------------------				(days)	(g.plant^-1)
IAC Imperador	-0.29	0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.63	-0.18	-1.18	0.21	-0.01	-
SEA 5	-0.05	-0.37	0.60	0.88	0.31	0.11	0.04	-
Carioca Precoce	0.32	-0.21	2.60^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.45	0.06	0.81^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-
BRS Majestoso	-0.68	-0.26	-2.89^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.05	0.42	-0.24	-0.01	-
SER 16	1.75^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.43	6.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	1.77^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-2.54^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.76^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.21^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-
G 19841	-1.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.58^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-6.37^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.69	1.61	-0.06	-0.06	-
Wild Mex	3.49^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.62^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	10.01^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.14	4.65^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.27^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-
GEN TS 3-2	-0.18	-0.06	0.47	-0.17	-2.10^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.19	0.04	-
GEN TS 3-3	-1.10^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	0.87^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-2.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.51	-2.83^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.06	-
GEN TS 4-8	-1.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.26	-4.14^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test.	-0.72	0.22	-0.44^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.06	-
IAC Sintonia	-0.30	-0.37	-1.92	-1.37^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.70	0.20	-0.02	-
BRS FP403	-0.52	-0.55^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.71	0.75	0.66	-0.21	-0.04	-

ŝ_ij
I	J	DF	SC	PH (cm)	LDM	TSDM	HI
I	J	DF	SC	PH (cm)	-------(g)-------		HI
IAC Imperador	SEA 5	-0.64	2.68	4.45	0.51	0.68	0.01
IAC Imperador	Car. Precoce	1.26	-12.26	9.89	0.29	0.40	0.22
IAC Imperador	BRS Majestoso	0.26	8.05	15.41	0.38	0.54	-0.02
IAC Imperador	SER 16	-0.83	7.21	-12.94	-0.57	-0.79	0.08
IAC Imperador	G 19841	-0.74	9.26	21.11	0.61^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.87	0.07
IAC Imperador	Wild Mex	-1.47	14.54	-26.23^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.40	1.03	-0.09
IAC Imperador	GEN TS 3-2	0.68	11.36	-6.67	-0.08	0.01	0.18
IAC Imperador	GEN TS 3-3	-0.24	-13.53	0.73	-0.27	-0.58	0.36^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
IAC Imperador	GEN TS 4-8	-0.28	-5.35	-15.76	-0.35	-0.53	-0.23
IAC Imperador	IAC Sintonia	1.17	-5.65	25.59	0.26	0.59	-0.49^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:
IAC Imperador	BRS FP403	0.11	0.17	12.48	-0.19	-0.26	-0.34
SEA 5	Car. Precoce	0.42	-12.63	8.59	0.18	0.26	-0.11
SEA 5	BRS Majestoso	2.75^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	-7.66	-5.22	0.40	0.66	-0.10
SEA 5	SER 16	1.65^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	13.54	4.10	-0.63^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.04	0.55^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:
SEA 5	G 19841	-1.25	-14.87	-10.02	0.29	0.47	0.03
SEA 5	Wild Mex	1.01	-0.47	25.64^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.09	-0.23	0.16
SEA 5	GEN TS 3-2	0.83	17.33	16.86	0.07	0.40	0.05
SEA 5	GEN TS 3-3	-0.58	-0.10	-4.90	-0.04	-0.02	-0.02
SEA 5	GEN TS 4-8	-1.46	-0.48	-3.72	-0.51	-0.77	0.09
SEA 5	IAC Sintonia	-2.51	6.38	-21.54	0.18	0.16	-0.34
SEA 5	BRS FP403	1.43	-0.41	-17.57	0.02	-0.20	-0.11
Car. Precoce	BRS Majestoso	0.32	0.86	27.38^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.02	-0.01	-0.08
Car. Precoce	SER 16	-0.94	-19.53^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	25.54^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.02	0.03	-0.16
Car. Precoce	G 19841	-1.01	-10.40	-13.75	-0.22	-0.17	-0.12
Car. Precoce	Wild Mex	-0.92	19.39^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	17.58	0.17	0.22	-0.21
Car. Precoce	GEN TS 3-2	-0.76	19.10^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	11.97	0.55	1.05	-0.06
Car. Precoce	GEN TS 3-3	-1.01	19.25^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-10.30	-0.09	0.14	-0.10
Car. Precoce	GEN TS 4-8	0.44	-10.76	2.05	0.43	0.54	-0.26
Car. Precoce	IAC Sintonia	0.89	22.03^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-19.27	-0.04	-0.23	0.45^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	BRS FP403	0.50	15.06	-0.21	-0.72^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.01	0.55^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:
BRS Majestoso	SER 16	-1.61^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-10.55	1.89	0.11	0.28	0.13
BRS Majestoso	G 19841	-0.35	18.29^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	28.94^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.01	0.33	0.05
BRS Majestoso	Wild Mex	-0.75	3.24	-15.07	-0.45	-0.81	-0.08
BRS Majestoso	GEN TS 3-2	-0.60	-4.30	-16.01	0.33	0.48	-0.12
BRS Majestoso	GEN TS 3-3	-1.18	0.92	3.89	0.02	0.32	-0.16
BRS Majestoso	GEN TS 4-8	-0.72	-3.25	7.90	0.41	0.70	0.18
BRS Majestoso	IAC Sintonia	1.22	-2.53	7.59	-0.29	-0.40	0.00
BRS Majestoso	BRS FP403	-0.50	-7.67	-3.94	0.21	0.12	0.03
SER 16	G 19841	-0.61	19.04^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.26	-0.09	-0.24	-0.23
SER 16	Wild Mex	2.49^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	-10.77	8.25	0.11	0.49	-0.11
SER 16	GEN TS 3-2	-0.69	-0.73	4.64	0.33	0.19	0.14
SER 16	GEN TS 3-3	0.56	-7.98	0.88	0.29	0.48	-0.30
SER 16	GEN TS 4-8	-1.65^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-12.24	-21.61	-0.27	-0.70	-0.12
SER 16	IAC Sintonia	0.79	-21.30^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	6.24	-0.07	-0.10	-0.20
SER 16	BRS FP403	-0.43	22.74^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-6.12	0.88^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	1.46^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	-0.10
G 19841	Wild Mex	2.75^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	-3.27	-20.37	-0.12	-0.92	-0.11
G 19841	GEN TS 3-2	-0.43	-7.07	-5.14	-0.48	-0.78	-0.11
G 19841	GEN TS 3-3	1.99^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	2.91	18.43	0.43	0.71	-0.19
G 19841	GEN TS 4-8	0.94	-14.45	-20.39	0.00	0.04	-0.26
G 19841	IAC Sintonia	-0.44	-8.57	-2.21	-0.68^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.98	-0.04
G 19841	BRS FP403	-1.33	12.29	-17.49	-0.32	-0.33	-0.06
Wild Mex	GEN TS 3-2	-0.50	-18.51^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	20.35	-0.07	-0.32	-0.03
Wild Mex	GEN TS 3-3	-1.25	-0.92	27.59^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.22	0.18	-0.07
Wild Mex	GEN TS 4-8	2.04^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test, I:	7.42	16.77	-0.39	-0.49	0.00
Wild Mex	IAC Sintonia	-0.85	1.96	16.45	-0.44	-0.50	0.30
Wild Mex	BRS FP403	-0.90	5.16	5.42	0.04	0.17	0.14
GEN TS 3-2	GEN TS 3-3	0.40	-6.27	-5.69	-0.11	-0.14	0.11
GEN TS 3-2	GEN TS 4-8	-0.64	3.38	14.15	0.36	0.95	-0.01
GEN TS 3-2	IAC Sintonia	-0.53	-1.06	-1.66	0.11	0.04	0.23
GEN TS 3-2	BRS FP403	0.25	-11.55	8.14	-0.45	-0.78	0.06
GEN TS 3-3	GEN TS 4-8	-1.22	14.70	18.06	-0.29	-0.56	0.09
GEN TS 3-3	IAC Sintonia	-1.94^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-3.09	-22.43^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.00	-0.16	0.03
GEN TS 3-3	BRS FP403	1.33	-6.08	-11.12	-0.17	-0.44	0.28
GEN TS 4-8	IAC Sintonia	1.01	12.00	-4.58	0.68^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	1.07^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.20
GEN TS 4-8	BRS FP403	-1.21	20.93^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	13.56	0.46	0.80	-0.18
IAC Sintonia	BRS FP403	-0.10	-22.02^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	11.90	0.33	0.47	0.05

ȓ_ij
I	J	DF	SC	PH (cm)	LDM	TSDM	LA (cm²)	HI
I	J	DF	SC	PH (cm)	-------(g)-------		LA (cm²)	HI
IAC Imperador	SEA 5	0.00	-15.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-9.00^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.09	-0.20	-207.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.13
IAC Imperador	Car. Precoce	1.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	12.29^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	16.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.25^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.36^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-156.67	-0.24^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
IAC Imperador	BRS Majestoso	-0.67	6.00	35.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.22^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.66^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	50.67	0.24^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
IAC Imperador	SER 16	-2.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-21.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	5.33	0.43^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.85^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	493.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.04
IAC Imperador	G 19841	0.00	10.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	4.67	0.25^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	128.33	-0.08
IAC Imperador	Wild Mex	0.00	13.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-19.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.05	0.25	135.00	-0.07
IAC Imperador	GEN TS 3-2	-0.17	1.82	22.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.61^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.66^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	590.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.26^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
IAC Imperador	GEN TS 3-3	-1.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-28.35^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	9.00^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.46^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.85^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-176.67	-0.24^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
IAC Imperador	GEN TS 4-8	-0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-15.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	17.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.00	0.18	-204.33^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.01
IAC Imperador	IAC Sintonia	-1.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	4.25	31.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.27^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.71^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	270.83^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.08
IAC Imperador	BRS FP403	1.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-6.47	11.75^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.23^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.31	484.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.15^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
SEA 5	Car. Precoce	-0.33	12.73^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-4.67	-0.02	-0.06	131.33	-0.04
SEA 5	BRS Majestoso	1.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.13	8.33^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.91^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.79^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-578.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.24^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
SEA 5	SER 16	0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	15.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-3.83	0.20	0.28	396.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.22^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
SEA 5	G 19841	-2.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	7.30	7.33^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.71^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	23.67	-0.17^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
SEA 5	Wild Mex	0.50	-20.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	2.17	0.21^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.62^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	341.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.08
SEA 5	GEN TS 3-2	-1.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-6.00	11.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.08	0.43^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-233.00^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.11
SEA 5	GEN TS 3-3	-0.50	14.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	7.17	0.02	0.25	-26.33	0.11
SEA 5	GEN TS 4-8	-0.33	15.45^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-11.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.05	-0.04	-248.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.14
SEA 5	IAC Sintonia	-1.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-3.05	2.50	0.94^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	1.48^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	648.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.16^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
SEA 5	BRS FP403	1.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-14.37^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-2.33	0.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.56^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	166.67	0.19^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	BRS Majestoso	-0.33	-10.38^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	42.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.21^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.62^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	216.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.37^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	SER 16	3.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-11.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	10.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.18	0.17	2.00	0.39^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	G 19841	0.33	-16.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-20.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.18	-0.28	-184.67	-0.08
Car. Precoce	Wild Mex	-3.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-3.25	-12.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.29^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.32	-38.33	0.08
Car. Precoce	GEN TS 3-2	3.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-11.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	7.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.53^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.57^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	27.17	0.21^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	GEN TS 3-3	0.33	6.00	-0.50	0.20^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.30	28.00	0.23^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	GEN TS 4-8	-0.50	8.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.50	0.04	0.28	96.83	-0.20^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	IAC Sintonia	-0.33	-3.50	17.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.23^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.64^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	253.33^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.22^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Car. Precoce	BRS FP403	-1.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	5.33	13.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.03	0.41^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-418.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.89^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
BRS Majestoso	SER 16	0.00	4.80	-3.50	-0.53^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.77^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-193.33	0.07
BRS Majestoso	G 19841	-0.50	15.25^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	15.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.28^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.09	-135.50	0.27^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
BRS Majestoso	Wild Mex	-0.50	-5.83	-7.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.36^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-453.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.02
BRS Majestoso	GEN TS 3-2	-1.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-8.33^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-5.00	-0.53^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.89^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	23.33	-0.16^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
BRS Majestoso	GEN TS 3-3	-1.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-25.27^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-9.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.62^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.77^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-282.50	-0.26^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
BRS Majestoso	GEN TS 4-8	1.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-13.77^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	44.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.38^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.95^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-60.83	-0.55^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
BRS Majestoso	IAC Sintonia	0.17	-12.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-4.17	0.55^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.77^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	648.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.28^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
BRS Majestoso	BRS FP403	0.00	-5.00	4.83	-0.60^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.14^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-146.67	0.22^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
SER 16	G 19841	-1.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	8.83^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-4.00	-0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.24^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-764.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.15^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
SER 16	Wild Mex	0.17	-23.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-10.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.22^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.48^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-593.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.03
SER 16	GEN TS 3-2	-3.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-8.90^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	6.83	-0.42^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.39^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-326.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.18^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
SER 16	GEN TS 3-3	-0.50	-8.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	7.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.40^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.66^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-319.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.22^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
SER 16	GEN TS 4-8	-0.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	6.25	10.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.26^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.61^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-251.83^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.31^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
SER 16	IAC Sintonia	-0.17	6.43^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-8.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.05	-0.09	528.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.09
SER 16	BRS FP403	-0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	16.92^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-18.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.18	0.13	505.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.11
G 19841	Wild Mex	3.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-4.37	-11.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.41^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.82^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-373.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.10
G 19841	GEN TS 3-2	-0.50	-16.20^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	36.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.09	0.52^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	88.33	-0.06
G 19841	GEN TS 3-3	0.50	25.57^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	30.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.55^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.82^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	507.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.05
G 19841	GEN TS 4-8	-0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-11.42^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-4.67	-0.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.52^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-462.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.16^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
G 19841	IAC Sintonia	-0.17	-6.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-25.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.03	-0.41^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	51.00	-0.31^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
G 19841	BRS FP403	-0.17	32.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	41.58^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.09	0.63^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	269.42^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.03
Wild Mex	GEN TS 3-2	-0.17	0.03	-22.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.56^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1,085.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.12
Wild Mex	GEN TS 3-3	-1.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	13.40^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	12.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.31	-444.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.00
Wild Mex	GEN TS 4-8	-1.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	5.42	7.00^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.29^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.76^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-630.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.16^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
Wild Mex	IAC Sintonia	0.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	11.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-15.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.32^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.73^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-61.33	0.19^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
Wild Mex	BRS FP403	0.33	3.67	0.83	0.23^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	652.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.14^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;
GEN TS 3-2	GEN TS 3-3	0.33	-25.42^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-5.83	0.01	-0.18	88.67	-0.12
GEN TS 3-2	GEN TS 4-8	-0.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-15.08^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-10.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.53^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.92^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-681.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.42^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
GEN TS 3-2	IAC Sintonia	-0.17	3.65	-14.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.42^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-306.83^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.28^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
GEN TS 3-2	BRS FP403	-0.17	4.67	-30.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.25^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.51^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-593.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.03
GEN TS 3-3	GEN TS 4-8	1.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-11.92^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	5.50	0.76^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.85^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	555.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.11
GEN TS 3-3	IAC Sintonia	-0.67^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.50	14.00^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.49^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.05^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-539.17^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.22^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
GEN TS 3-3	BRS FP403	-1.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	25.42^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	3.83	-0.31^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.33	-773.33^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.13
GEN TS 4-8	IAC Sintonia	0.33	14.57^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-30.83^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.89^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-1.10^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	-214.33^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.43^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;
GEN TS 4-8	BRS FP403	0.33	-9.50^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	19.50^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.20^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.36^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	311.67^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.00
IAC Sintonia	BRS FP403	0.17	7.17^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	6.83	0.39^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	0.80^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;	299.00^* * Significant at 5% probability by the Student’s t test;	-0.19^ significant at 1% probability by the Student’s t test;

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[1] Section Editor: Freddy Mora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-3549