Boas práticas na criação e manutenção de <i>zebrafish</i> (<i>Danio rerio</i>) em laboratório no Brasil

Kütter, Mateus Tavares; Barcellos, Leonardo José Gil; Boyle, Robert Tew; Marins, Luis Fernando; Silveira, Tony

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74134P

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Ciência Animal Brasileira

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Sumário

Medicina Veterinária / Artigo de revisão • Ciênc. anim. bras. 24 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74134P copiar

Boas práticas na criação e manutenção de zebrafish (Danio rerio) em laboratório no Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

As Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL) são um sistema de controle de qualidade gerencial que abrange o processo organizacional e as condições sob as quais os estudos não clínicos de saúde e meio ambiente são desenvolvidos. Conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) as BPL devem conter cinco tópicos: recursos, caracterização, regras, resultados e controle de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão conforme o padrão da OMS para a implementação das BPL em biotério de zebrafish. Considerando que a promoção da saúde única (animal, humana e ambiental) associada a um plano de educação, protocolos e registros são fundamentais para garantir a segurança e a integridade dos trabalhadores/pesquisadores, animais e meio ambiente assim como confiabilidade nos resultados gerados. De certa forma o Brasil ainda necessita de melhorias relacionadas ao bem-estar de organismos aquáticos (leis nacionais, acordos internacionais, programas corporativos e outros); especialmente em relação à utilização deste na pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Desta forma, a implementação de BPL fornece uma orientação valiosa para a melhoria do bem-estar animal, e segurança do trabalhador vindo a facilitar a padronização da pesquisa.

Palavras-chave
Danio rerio ; padronização; bem-estar; diretrizes reguladoras; legislação

Resumo gráfico

Boas práticas na criação e manutenção de zebrafish (Danio rerio) em laboratório no Brasil.

Densidade populacional	Referência
*Adultos*
Em sistemas de recirculação de larga escala as famílias de irmãos adultos podem ser mantidas na densidade de até 5 peixes/L	¹⁴14 Brand M, Granato M, Nüsslein-Volhard C. Keeping and raising zebrafish. In: Dahm R and Nüsslein-Volhard C. Zebrafish: A Practical Approach. London: IRL Press; 2002. p. 7-37.
Manutenção de adultos: 5 peixes/L	¹⁵15 Matthews M, Trevarrow B, Matthews J. A virtual tour of the Guide for zebrafish users. Lab Animal. 2002;31(3):34-40.
Para reprodução, um casal pode ser mantido durante a noite em 1,5 L, ou 6 peixes em 2,3 L de água
Em sistemas com filtros e biofiltro, desde que haja troca regular de água, um bom regime alimentar e boa qualidade da água: 5 peixes/L	⁵⁶56 Vargesson NA. Zebrafish. In: S. Barnett. Manual of Animal Technology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2007. p. 78-84.
Para fins de reprodução, é melhor ter menos peixes por tanque: 2-3 peixes/L
Em um tanque que não possui filtros ou biofiltro: 1 ou 2 peixes/L
25 peixes em tanques de 45 L	⁵⁷57 Westerfield, M. The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio). 4th ed. Eugene: University of Oregon Press; 2000.
Sistema estático para a reprodução: 2-8 peixes em tanque de 2 L	⁵⁸58 Lawrence C. Advances in Zebrafish Husbandry and Management. In: Detrich III HW, Westerfield M, Zon LI. Methods in Cell Biology. Vol 104. Oxford: Academic Press; 2011. p. 430-452.
6-7 peixes adultos/L	⁴¹41 Avdesh A, Chen M, Martin-Iverson MT, Mondal A, Ong D, Rainey-Smith S, Taddei K, Lardelli M., Groth DM, Verdile G, Martins RN. Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Laboratory: An Introduction. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2012;69:e4196. https://doi.org/10.3791/4196. https://doi.org/10.3791/4196...
5 peixes por litro em tanques de 10 L	⁵⁹59 Geisler R, Borel N, Ferg M, Maier JV, Strähle U. Maintenance of Zebrafish Lines at the European Zebrafish Resource Center. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S19-S23. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1205. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1205...
4-10 adultos/L	⁴⁷47 Aleström P, D’Angelo L, Midtlyng PJ, Schorderet DF, Schulte-Merker S, Sohm F, Warner S. Zebrafish: Housing and Husbandry Recommendations. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(3):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219869037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219869037...
*Juvenis*
Crescimento de peixes juvenis: 5 peixes/L	¹⁵15 Matthews M, Trevarrow B, Matthews J. A virtual tour of the Guide for zebrafish users. Lab Animal. 2002;31(3):34-40.
*Larvas*
250 larvas de 5-10 dpf/L	⁴⁷47 Aleström P, D’Angelo L, Midtlyng PJ, Schorderet DF, Schulte-Merker S, Sohm F, Warner S. Zebrafish: Housing and Husbandry Recommendations. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(3):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219869037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219869037...
20 larvas jovens por 400 ml até a fase juvenil	¹⁵15 Matthews M, Trevarrow B, Matthews J. A virtual tour of the Guide for zebrafish users. Lab Animal. 2002;31(3):34-40.
*Ovos e embriões*
20 ovos/embriões por 100 ml de água	¹⁵15 Matthews M, Trevarrow B, Matthews J. A virtual tour of the Guide for zebrafish users. Lab Animal. 2002;31(3):34-40.
100 embriões em 35 mL em placa de Petri de 9 cm de diâmetro	⁴⁷47 Aleström P, D’Angelo L, Midtlyng PJ, Schorderet DF, Schulte-Merker S, Sohm F, Warner S. Zebrafish: Housing and Husbandry Recommendations. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(3):213-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219869037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219869037...

Classificação	Espécie	Sítio de infecção/infestação	Sinais clínicos	Risco zoonótico	Referência
Bactéria	Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida	Cavidade celômica	Nado errático; nado superficial; taquipneia; altas taxas de mortalidade	-	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;¹⁰⁷107 Lin B, Chen S, Cao Z, Lin Y, Mo D, Zhang H, Gu J, Dong M, Liu Z, Xu A. Acute Phase Response in Zebrafish upon Aeromonas salmonicida and Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Striking Similarities and Obvious Differences with Mammals. Molecular Immunology. 2007;44(4):295-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03... ;¹⁷⁵175 Igbinosa IH, Igumbor EU, Aghdasi F, Tom M, Okoh AI. Emerging Aeromonas species infections and their significance in public health. The Scientific World Journal. 2012:625023. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/625023. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/625023...
	Aeromonas hydrophila	Cavidade celômica	Distensão e hemorragias na cavidade celômica	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹³⁴134 Chandrarathna HPSU, Nikapitiya C, Dananjaya SHS, Wijerathne CUB, Wimalasena SHMP, Kwun HJ, Heo GJ, Lee J, Zoysa MD. Outcome of Co-Infection with Opportunistic and Multidrug Resistant Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii in Zebrafish: Identification, Characterization, Pathogenicity and Immune Responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 2018;80:573-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.04... ;¹⁵¹151 Rodríguez I, Novoa B, Figueras A. Immune response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) against a newly isolated bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2008;25(3):239-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2008.05.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2008.05.00...
	Aeromonas sobria	Cavidade celômica; úlceras cutâneas	Hemorragias petequiais na pele, musculatura e nadadeiras; distensão da cavidade celômica	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;¹³³133 Hossain S, Silva BCJ, Dahanayake PS, Heo GJ. Characterization of Virulence Properties and Multi-Drug Resistance Profiles in Motile Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2018;67(6):598-605. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13075. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13075... ;¹⁵²152 Zheng F, Asim M, Lan J, Zhao L, Wei S, Chen N, Liu X, Zhou Y, Lin L. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of mannose receptor in zebra fish (Danio rerio) during infection with Aeromonas sobria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015;16(5):10997-11012. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160510997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160510997...
	Aeromonas veronii	Diversos órgãos	Hemorragias e lesões severas na superfície do corpo; distensão da cavidade celômica	+	⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹³⁴134 Chandrarathna HPSU, Nikapitiya C, Dananjaya SHS, Wijerathne CUB, Wimalasena SHMP, Kwun HJ, Heo GJ, Lee J, Zoysa MD. Outcome of Co-Infection with Opportunistic and Multidrug Resistant Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii in Zebrafish: Identification, Characterization, Pathogenicity and Immune Responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 2018;80:573-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.04...
	Staphilococcus aureus	Diversos órgãos	Distensão da cavidade celômica; edema perianal; crescimento da lesão inicial que serviu como porta de entrada para a infecção; nado superficial; taquipneia; altas taxas de mortalidade.	+	¹⁰⁷107 Lin B, Chen S, Cao Z, Lin Y, Mo D, Zhang H, Gu J, Dong M, Liu Z, Xu A. Acute Phase Response in Zebrafish upon Aeromonas salmonicida and Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Striking Similarities and Obvious Differences with Mammals. Molecular Immunology. 2007;44(4):295-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2006.03...
	Plesiomonas shigelloides	Cavidade celômica	Nado errático; lesões na superfície do corpo; exoftalmia	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616...
	Pseudomonas spp.	Diversos órgãos	Septicemia com distensão da cavidade celômica; úlceras cutâneas; dispneia; morte	+	⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁵³153 Hawke JP, Kent M, Rogge M, Baumgartner W, Wiles J, Shelley J, Savolainen LC, Wagner R, Murray K, Peterson TS. Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri in laboratory populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2013;25(3):171-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.782226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.78...
	Pseudomonas fluorescens	Úlceras cutâneas	Septicemia com distensão da cavidade celômica; úlceras cutâneas; dispneia; morte	+ (raro)	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;¹⁵³153 Hawke JP, Kent M, Rogge M, Baumgartner W, Wiles J, Shelley J, Savolainen LC, Wagner R, Murray K, Peterson TS. Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri in laboratory populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2013;25(3):171-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.782226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.78... ;¹⁵⁴154 Scales BS, Dickson RP, Lipuma JJ, Huffnagle GB. Microbiology, genomics, and clinical significance of the Pseudomonas fluorescens species complex, an unappreciated colonizer of humans. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2014; 27(4):927-48. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00044-14. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00044-14...
	Shewanella putrefaciens	Cavidade celômica; úlceras cutâneas	Úlceras cutâneas	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230...
	Vibrio alginolyticus	Pele	Úlceras cutâneas	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230...
	Vibrio metschnikovii	Cavidade celômica; pele	Úlceras cutâneas	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230...
	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Cavidade celômica; vesícula natatória	Curvatura espinhal; hemorragias internas com distensão da cavidade celômica	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;¹⁴⁵145 Zhang Q, Dong X, Chen B, Zhang Y, Zu Y, Li W. Zebrafish as a Useful Model for Zoonotic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Pathogenicity in Fish and Human. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2016;55:159-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.02...
	Vibrio cholerae	Intestino	Fezes esbranquiçadas; diarreia; letargia; perda de peso; água do aquário torna-se turva ao longo da infecção como resultado da maior eliminação de muco nas fezes	+	¹⁰⁹109 Runft DL, Mitchell KC, Abuaita BH, Allen JP, Bajer S, Ginsburg K, Neely MN, Withey JH. Zebrafish as a Natural Host Model for Vibrio cholerae Colonization and Transmission. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2014;80(5):1710-1717. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03580-13. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03580-13... ;¹¹⁰110 Mitchell, KC, Breen P, Britton S, Neely MN, Withey JH. Quantifying Vibrio cholerae Enterotoxicity in a Zebrafish Infection Model. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2017;83(16):e00783-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00783-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00783-17...
	Vibrio vulnificus	Cavidade celômica	Distensão da cavidade celômica com septicemia hemorrágica	+	⁷⁶76 Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1230... ;¹⁷⁶176 Li S, Jiang C, Chen H, Zhang L, Ke L, Chen X, Lin C. Pre-injection of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) tnfb Polyclonal Antibody Decreases the Mortality of Vibrio vulnificus Infected Zebrafish. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021;8:article 741242,1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.741242. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.74124...
	Edwardsiella ictaluri	Vários órgãos; superfície da pele	Hemorragias na superfície do corpo próximo aos olhos, opérculos, base das nadadeiras e superfície ventral; úlceras cutâneas	-	¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁵³153 Hawke JP, Kent M, Rogge M, Baumgartner W, Wiles J, Shelley J, Savolainen LC, Wagner R, Murray K, Peterson TS. Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri in laboratory populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2013;25(3):171-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.782226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2013.78...
	Edwardsiella tarda	Vários órgãos	Mortalidade de embriões e larvas até 8 dpf; embriões e larvas com coloração esbranquiçada e pouco móveis; altas taxas de mortalidade em adultos; hemorragias petequiais; descoloração da injúria inicial que serviu de porta de entrada para a infecção; letargia; nado superficial; distensão da cavidade celômica; edema perianal	+	¹⁰⁶106 Pressley ME, Phelan PE, Witten PE, Mellon MT, Kim CH. Pathogenesis and Inflammatory Response to Edwardsiella tarda Infection in the Zebrafish. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2005;29(6):501-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2004.10.007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2004.10.00...
	Flavobacterium columnare	Pele; brânquias	Perda de pigmentação e escamas ao redor da nadadeira dorsal (lesão em forma de cela de cavalo); altas taxas de mortalidade	-	¹⁵⁵155 Moyer TR, Hunnicutt DW. Susceptibility of zebra fish Danio rerio to infection by Flavobacterium columnare and F. johnsoniae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2007;76:39-44. https://doi.org/10.3354/DAO076039. https://doi.org/10.3354/DAO076039...
	Mycobacterium abscessus	Vários órgãos	Quadro subclínico; baixa mortalidade; doença/morte quando em ambiente estressante e com água de baixa qualidade	+	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁵⁶156 Fogelson SB, Camus AC, Walter Lorenz W, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace Jr RJ, Hasan NA, Reischl U, Sanchez S. Variation among human, veterinary and environmental Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex isolates observed using core genome phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparison, and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021...
	Mycobacterium chelonae	Vários órgãos	Quadro subclínico; baixa mortalidade; doença/morte quando em ambiente estressante e com água de baixa qualidade	+	⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁵⁶156 Fogelson SB, Camus AC, Walter Lorenz W, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace Jr RJ, Hasan NA, Reischl U, Sanchez S. Variation among human, veterinary and environmental Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex isolates observed using core genome phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparison, and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ;¹⁵⁷157 Shah MK, Sebti A, Kiehn TE, Massarella SA, Sepkowitz KA. Mycobacterium haemophilum in Immuno compromised Patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;33(3):330-337. https://doi.org/10.1086/321894https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/33/3/330/277298. https://doi.org/10.1086/321894https://ac... ;¹⁵⁸158 Crim MJ, Lawrence C, Livingston RS, Rakitin A, Hurley SJ, Riley LK. Comparison of antemortem and environmental samples for zebrafish health monitoring and quarantine. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 2017;56(4):412-424. PMCID: PMC5517331.
	Mycobacterium fortuitum	Vários órgãos	Quadro subclínico; baixa mortalidade; doença/morte quando em ambiente estressante e com água de baixa qualidade	+	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁵⁶156 Fogelson SB, Camus AC, Walter Lorenz W, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace Jr RJ, Hasan NA, Reischl U, Sanchez S. Variation among human, veterinary and environmental Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex isolates observed using core genome phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparison, and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ;¹⁵⁸158 Crim MJ, Lawrence C, Livingston RS, Rakitin A, Hurley SJ, Riley LK. Comparison of antemortem and environmental samples for zebrafish health monitoring and quarantine. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 2017;56(4):412-424. PMCID: PMC5517331.
	Mycobacterium peregrinum	Vários órgãos	Quadro subclínico; baixa mortalidade; doença/morte quando em ambiente estressante e com água de baixa qualidade	-	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁵⁸158 Crim MJ, Lawrence C, Livingston RS, Rakitin A, Hurley SJ, Riley LK. Comparison of antemortem and environmental samples for zebrafish health monitoring and quarantine. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 2017;56(4):412-424. PMCID: PMC5517331.
	Mycobacterium haemophilum	Vários órgãos	Letargia; emaciação severa; surtos com alta mortalidade; deformações musculares e esqueléticas	+	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁵⁷157 Shah MK, Sebti A, Kiehn TE, Massarella SA, Sepkowitz KA. Mycobacterium haemophilum in Immuno compromised Patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;33(3):330-337. https://doi.org/10.1086/321894https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/33/3/330/277298. https://doi.org/10.1086/321894https://ac...
	Mycobacterium marinum	Vários órgãos	Distensão da cavidade celômica; surtos com alta mortalidade; deformações musculares e esqueléticas	+	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165...
	Mycobacterium saopaulense	Vários órgãos	Sinais não relatados na bibliografia	+	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;¹⁵⁶156 Fogelson SB, Camus AC, Walter Lorenz W, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace Jr RJ, Hasan NA, Reischl U, Sanchez S. Variation among human, veterinary and environmental Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex isolates observed using core genome phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparison, and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021...
Ciliado	Coleps sp.	Embrião e larvas inteiros	Embriões e larvas de até ~7 dpf são predados pelo ciliado; baixas taxas de eclosão e altas taxas de mortalidade na larvicultura	-	¹⁵⁹159 Cosma CL, Swaim LE, Volkman H, Ramakrishnan L, Davis JM. Zebrafish and frog models of Mycobacterium marinum infection. Current Protocols in Microbiology. 2006;10B.2(Supplement3):10B.2.1-10B.2.33. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471729256.mc10b02s3. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471729256.mc10b... ;¹⁶⁰160 Linbo TL. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) husbandry and colony maintenance at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-100; 2009. 62p. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/3645. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view...
	Ichthyophthirius multifiliis	Superfície do corpo; brânquias	Nódulos esbranquiçados na superfície da pele e brânquias; maior produção de muco; dispneia; perda de equilíbrio; anorexia; letargia; morte	-	¹⁶¹161 Casebolt DB, Speare DJ, Horney BS. Care and Use of Fish as Laboratory Animals: Current State of Knowledge. Laboratory Animal Science. 1998;48(2):124-36. PMID: 10090003.;¹⁶²162 Jørgensen LG. Infection and immunity against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2016;1(57):335-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.04... ;¹⁶³163 Alavinia SJ, Mirzargar SS, Rahmati-Holasoo H, Mousavi HE. The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis. Jounal of Fish Diseases. 2018;41(12):1793-1802. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12886. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12886...
	Tetrahymena sp.	Larvas inteiras	Larvas de ~30 dias são predadas pelo ciliado; mortalidade em massa de larvas	-	¹⁶⁴164 Astrofsky KM, Schech JM, Sheppard BJ, Obenschain CA, Chin AM, Kacergis MC, Laver ER, Bartholomew JL, Fox JG. High Mortality Due to Tetrahymena sp. Infection in Laboratory-Maintained Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Comparative Medicine. 2002;52(4):363-367. PMID: 12211282.
	Trichodina spp.	Superfície do corpo; brânquias	Dermatite e dispneia com inflamação branquial; geralmente surtos relacionadas com aumento da temperatura da água	-	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;¹⁶¹161 Casebolt DB, Speare DJ, Horney BS. Care and Use of Fish as Laboratory Animals: Current State of Knowledge. Laboratory Animal Science. 1998;48(2):124-36. PMID: 10090003.
Dinoflagelado	Piscinoodinium pillulare	Superfície do corpo; brânquias	Pele com aspecto "aveludado"; desconforto cutâneo/prurido, representado por animais se esfregando em objetos ou nas paredes do aquário; excesso de muco cutâneo; letargia; dispneia; nado superficial; escurecimento da pele; hemorragias petequiais; surtos com alta letalidade	-	⁸⁸88 Kent ML, Sanders JL. Important Parasites of Zebrafish in Research Facilities. In: Cartner SC, Eisen JS, Farmer SC, Guillemin KJ, Kent ML, Sanders GE. The Zebrafish in Biomedical Research - Biology, Husbandry, Diseases, and Research Applications [Internet]. 1st ed. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2020. p. 479-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812431-4.00040-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-8124...
Oomiceto	Saprolegnia brachydanis	Superfície do corpo; brânquias	Crescimento de hifas filamentosas brancas e finas que se acumulam na superfície do corpo e nas brânquias formando uma massa com aspecto de algodão	-	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527...
Oomiceto	Saprolegnia ferax	Superfície do corpo; brânquias	Idem a S. brachydanis	-	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527...
Mixozoário	Myxidium streisingeri	Ductos mesonéfricos; lúmen dos túbulos renais	Quadro subclínico	-	⁸⁸88 Kent ML, Sanders JL. Important Parasites of Zebrafish in Research Facilities. In: Cartner SC, Eisen JS, Farmer SC, Guillemin KJ, Kent ML, Sanders GE. The Zebrafish in Biomedical Research - Biology, Husbandry, Diseases, and Research Applications [Internet]. 1st ed. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2020. p. 479-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812431-4.00040-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-8124... ;¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁶⁵165 Whipps CM, Murray KN, Kent ML. Occurrence of a myxozoan parasite Myxidium streisingeri n. sp. in laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio. Journal of Parasitology. 2015;101(1):86-90. https://doi.org/10.1645/14-613.1. https://doi.org/10.1645/14-613.1...
Microsporídio	Pleistophora hyphessobryconis	Principalmente na musculatura esquelética, mas também no rim, baço, intestino e ovários	Necrose e deformação muscular, emaciação, letargia; frequentemente ocorrem quadros subclínicos	-	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;⁸⁸88 Kent ML, Sanders JL. Important Parasites of Zebrafish in Research Facilities. In: Cartner SC, Eisen JS, Farmer SC, Guillemin KJ, Kent ML, Sanders GE. The Zebrafish in Biomedical Research - Biology, Husbandry, Diseases, and Research Applications [Internet]. 1st ed. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2020. p. 479-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812431-4.00040-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-8124... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527...
Microsporídio	Pseudoloma neurophilia	Principalmente nervos; medula espinhal e rombencéfalo, mas também em musculatura esquelética; esôfago; rim e ovário	Emaciação; lordose; escoliose; necrose muscular; crescimento reduzido; déficit reprodutivo; frequentemente ocorrem quadros subclínicos; emaciação não relacionada a anorexia; doença relacionada a quadros de estresse	-	⁸⁶86 Collymore C, Crim MJ, Lieggi C. Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities. Zebrafish. 2016;13(S1):S138-S148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2015.1210... ;⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰³103 Esmail MY, Astrofsky KM, Lawrence C, Serluca FC. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press - Elsevier Inc.; 2015. p.1015-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527-4.00020-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409527... ;¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁵⁸158 Crim MJ, Lawrence C, Livingston RS, Rakitin A, Hurley SJ, Riley LK. Comparison of antemortem and environmental samples for zebrafish health monitoring and quarantine. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 2017;56(4):412-424. PMCID: PMC5517331.;¹⁶⁶166 Sanders JL, Peterson TS, Kent ML. Early Development and Tissue Distribution of Pseudoloma neurophilia in the Zebrafish, Danio rerio. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2014;61(3):238-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12101. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12101... ;¹⁶⁷167 Caballero-Huertas M, Soto M, Ribas L. Reviewing Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in the popular zebrafish model. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2021;13(4):1816-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12545. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12545...
Monogenético	Gyrodactylus spp.	Superfície do corpo; brânquias	Dermatite e dispneia com inflamação branquial; geralmente surtos relacionadas com aumento da temperatura da água	-	¹⁶¹161 Casebolt DB, Speare DJ, Horney BS. Care and Use of Fish as Laboratory Animals: Current State of Knowledge. Laboratory Animal Science. 1998;48(2):124-36. PMID: 10090003.
Digenético	Clinostomum sp.	Musculatura	Nado tortuoso; curvatura lateral da espinha; nódulos amarelados sob a pele	+	⁸⁹89 Silveira T, Kütter MT, Martins CMG, Marins LF, Boyle RT, Campos VF, Remião MH. First record of Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) in Danio rerio (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) and the implication of using zebrafish from pet stores on research. Zebrafish. 2021;18(2):139-148. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2020.1950. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2020.1950...
	Transversotrema patialense	Pele	Quadro subclínico; lesões locais nos pontos de adesão do parasito foram constatadas apenas em infecções experimentais	-	⁸⁸88 Kent ML, Sanders JL. Important Parasites of Zebrafish in Research Facilities. In: Cartner SC, Eisen JS, Farmer SC, Guillemin KJ, Kent ML, Sanders GE. The Zebrafish in Biomedical Research - Biology, Husbandry, Diseases, and Research Applications [Internet]. 1st ed. London: Elsevier Academic Press; 2020. p. 479-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812431-4.00040-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-8124...
	Centrocestus formosanus	Brânquias	Anormalidades respiratórias; quadro subclínico	+	¹²⁵125 Pace A, Dipineto L, Aceto S, Censullo MC, Valoroso MC, Varriale L, Rinaldi L, Menna LF, Fioretti A, Borrelli L. Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Italy: A Window to a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Microorganism. Animals. 2020;10(3):456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030456... ;¹⁶⁸168 Ortega C, Fajardo R, Enríquez R. Trematode Centrocestus formosanus infection and distribution in ornamental fishes in Mexico. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 2009;21(1):18-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-022.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-022.1... ;¹⁶⁹169 Wanlop A, Wongsawad C, Prattapong P, Wongsawad P, Chontananarth T, Chai JY. Prevalence of Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae in ornamental fish from Chiang Mai, Thailand, with molecular approach using ITS2. Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2017;55(4):445-449. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.445. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.44... ;¹⁷⁰170 Iaria C, Migliore S, Macri D, Bivona M, Capparucci F, Gaglio G, Marino F. Evidence of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish. 2019;16(6):522-526. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2019.1744. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2019.1744...
Nematódeo	Pseudocapillaria tomentosa	Intestino	Emaciação; protuberâncias no ventre	-	⁹²92 Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the Advantages and Limitations of Sampling Methods Commonly Used in Research Facilities for Zebrafish Health Inspections. Laboratory Animals. 2020;54(4):373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219864616... ;¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁵⁸158 Crim MJ, Lawrence C, Livingston RS, Rakitin A, Hurley SJ, Riley LK. Comparison of antemortem and environmental samples for zebrafish health monitoring and quarantine. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 2017;56(4):412-424. PMCID: PMC5517331.;¹⁷¹171 Kent ML, Bishop-Stewart JK, Matthews JL, Spitsbergen JM. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, a nematode pathogen, and associated neoplasms of zebrafish (Danio rerio) kept in research colonies. Comparative Medicine. 2002;52(4):354-358. PMID: 12211280.;¹⁷²172 Maley D, Laird AS, Rinkwitz S, Becker TS. A simple and efficient protocol for the treatment of zebrafish colonies infected with parasitic nematodes. Zebrafish. 2013;10(3):447-450. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2013.0868. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2013.0868...
Vírus	Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV)	Sistema nervoso central	Nado errático; mancha opaca clara e de aspecto cremoso no dorso da cabeça; alta letalidade de adultos	-	¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁷³173 Binesh CP. Mortality due to viral nervous necrosis in zebrafish Danio rerio and goldfish Carassius auratus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2013;104(3):257-260. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02605. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02605...
Vírus	Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)	Baço e rim	Letargia; perda de apetite; nado anormal; distensão da cavidade celômica; taquipneia; brânquias pálidas; hemorragias petequiais na base das nadadeiras; morte	-	¹⁰⁴104 Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of Diseases and Health Management in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in Research Facilities. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020;43(6):637-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13165... ;¹⁷⁴174 Bermúdez R, Losada AP, de Azevedo AM, Guerra-Varela J, Pérez-Fernández D, Sánchez L, Padrós F, Nowak B, Quiroga MI. First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2018;41(8):1283-1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12822. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12822...

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