Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are devices capable to generate electricity with high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. The high operation temperatures of these batteries (600 to 1000 °C) are advantageous, making possible the reform of the fuel used in situ as well as its application in systems for cogeneration of energy, increasing its total efficiency up to values between 80 and 85%. However, these high temperatures require severe restrictions on the materials used in the preparation of their main components. This paper aims to review the state of the art of the developed material as anode material, cathode, electrolyte, interconnects and seals, to be used in SOFCs. The requirements for a good operation of each component and the materials that best fit their specific need are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the main materials found in the literature are discussed and compared.
solid oxide fuel cells; anode; cathode; electrolyte
