Development and validation of a novel Context-Based Prospective Memory Task among neurotypical adults

D’Souza, Dasmine Fraclita; Ashley, Sharon; Bajaj, Gagan; Moolambally, Sheetal Raj; Bhat, Jayashree Sunil

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20242023180en

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Original Article • CoDAS 36 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20242023180en copy

Development and validation of a novel Context-Based Prospective Memory Task among neurotypical adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To address the paucity and potential of context-based prospective memory (PM) assessment tasks suitable to Indian ethnicity, the study aimed to develop a novel context-based PM task and determine its psychometric properties among neurotypical adults.

Methods

Rendered images in 2-D were extracted from a 3-D shopping mall, where PM and ongoing tasks were embedded within them to provide participants with a semi-immersive experience. The design and scoring of the novel task were constructed in alignment with the Memory for Intentions Screening Test. Fifty neurotypical adults in and around Mangaluru were recruited. The Memory of Intentions Test (MIST) and novel context-based PM task were administered.

Results

The validity of the novel task was established with a Content Validity Index of 0.98. The intraclass correlation for the test-retest reliability of the novel context-based PM task was 0.92 (p<0.001) and the inter-rater reliability was 0.98 (p<0.001). The internal consistency of the six subscales was high (Cronbach’s α= 0.86), and the Spearman-Brown coefficient indicated a strong split-half reliability of 0.87. Spearman’s correlation showed that the trials exhibited strong connections to the dichotomic characteristics of the subscales to which they belonged. Further, McNemar’s test suggested similar profiles of the participants for the MIST and novel task.

Conclusion

The results of the present study suggest that the novel context-based PM task offers good validity and reliability measures, providing valuable insight into the mechanisms of PM, and therefore, could be ideal for inclusion in a battery of cognitive assessments.

Keywords
Prospective Memory; Social Context; Psychometric; Assessment; Supermarket

Trials	Instructions	Cue	Response modality	Time delay	Order of execution	Cognitive load
1	When you come across a shop where seafood can be bought, count and tell me the number of salesmen present.	Event-based	Verbal	Short	2	3
2	Ask me if I need anything from the mall, 1 minute from now.	Time-based	Verbal	Short	1	3
3	When you are at the section where you can buy lollipops, point out any object that is green-coloured.	Event-based	Action	Long	3	4
4	After a duration of 11 minutes, let the me know the name of the store you are situated in.	Time-based	Verbal	Long	8	2
5	Write the word ‘GOLDFISH’ when you reach the section where T shirts are sold.	Event-based	Action	Long	5	3
6	After 3 minutes, write down your phone number on the sheet next to you.	Time-based	Action	Short	4	4
7	When you reach the section where you can order pizza, remember to show the examiner ‘J’ key on the keyboard.	Event-based	Action	Long	9	2
8	After 2 minutes, name 3 items you can see in the room.	Time-based	Verbal	Short	6	4
9	After 1 minute, show a thumbs up to the examiner.	Time-based	Action	Short	7	3
10	Write the name of your bank when you see a blue van.	Event-based	Action	Long	10	1

Subscale	Maximum		Mean		Median		SD
	MIST	CBPMT	MIST	CBPMT	MIST	CBPMT	MIST	CBPMT
Short duration task	10	8	7.88	7.1	8	8	1.44	1.2
Long duration task	10	8	5.36	5.42	6	6	2.13	1.68
Time-based task	10	8	7.24	5.64	7	6	1.6	1.47
Event-based task	10	8	6	6.88	6	8	2.42	1.57
Verbal response task	10	8	5.24	6.98	5	8	1.45	1.33
Action response task	10	8	8	5.54	8	6	2.21	1.79
Total score	60	48	39.7	37.6	42	40.5	8.79	6.89

CBPMT							MIST
Trial	PF	TS	LC	LT	RE	None	Trial	PF	TS	LC	LT	RE	None
1	8	0	2	22	0	68	1	2	0	4	0	0	94
2	20	0	12	0	0	68	2	4	6	18	0	0	72
3	12	0	24	0	0	64	3	4	4	0	2	0	90
4	8	6	6	28	0	52	4	10	6	14	4	0	66
5	18	18	12	2	2	48	5	10	0	2	0	0	88
6	10	0	8	16	2	64	6	2	6	8	0	0	84
7	0	0	0	8	0	92	7	4	0	2	2	0	92
8	46	12	18	6	0	18	8	36	8	20	10	0	26
9	52	2	8	4	2	32
10	8	2	4	2	0	84

Task	Duration		Cue		Response modality		Prospective Memory Total
Task	Short Delay	Long Delay	Time based	Event based	Verbal Response	Action Response	Prospective Memory Total
1	0.456*	0.134	0.383	0.099	0.314	0.179	0.310
2	0.501*	0.246	-0.211	0.647*	0.526*	0.196	0.391
3	0.212	0.523^* * p<0.05	0.172	0.508*	0.17	0.573*	0.506*
4	0.316	0.241	0.535*	0.055	0.038	0.425	0.318
5	0.106	0.382	0.061	0.401	0.108	0.399	0.309
6	0.432	0.05	0.596*	-0.174	0.423	0.016	0.238
7	0.282	0.023	0.334	-0.111	0.131	0.08	0.111
8	0.092	0.367	0.653*	-0.02	0.509*	0.139	0.354
9	0.143	0.500*	0.061	0.497*	0.248	0.475*	0.482*
10	0.054	0.567*	-0.054	0.558*	0.089	0.548*	0.455*

Items	Experts					Young Adults					No. of Agreement	I-CVI	UA
Items	1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5	No. of Agreement	I-CVI	UA
Clarity and instructions of items	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	10	1	1
Presentation and clarity of images	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9	0.9	0
Size of the text	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	10	1	1
Suitability of items	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	10	1	1
Attainment of purpose	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	10	1	1
Presentation and organization of items	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	10	1	1
Scale and evaluation rating	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	10	1	1
Task duration	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9	0.9	0
											S-CVI/Ave	0.98
Proportion relevance	1	0.88	0.88	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	S-CVI/UA		0.88
Average proportion of items judged as relevant across the 5 experts and 5 young adults: 0.98

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.