SOIL ATTRIBUTES AND WHEAT PERFORMANCE IN A GEOREFERENCED SEED PRODUCTION FIELD

Gadotti, Gizele I.; Corrêa, Marciabela F.; Navroski, Renan; Nadal, Ariele P.; Schuch, Luis O. B.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v38n4p624-633/2018

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Sumário

Scientific Paper, Professional Teaching, Researching, Extension and Politics • Eng. agríc. (Online) 38 (4) • Jul-Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v38n4p624-633/2018 copy

SOIL ATTRIBUTES AND WHEAT PERFORMANCE IN A GEOREFERENCED SEED PRODUCTION FIELD

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to study the linear correlations and spatial distribution between soil attributes and productivity and physiological quality of wheat seeds. Soil samples were collected at georeferenced points in an area of 41 ha with a rectangular grid of 100 × 100 m to determine soil fertility. Grain productivity, number of ears m^-2, protein content, and physiological seed quality were assessed. The results were submitted to Pearson's correlation analysis, descriptive statistics, and geostatistics. Phosphorus content presented a high spatial variability, with a coefficient of variation of 97.79%. Protein content, number of ears, and SMP index presented low values of coefficient of variation, indicating their low spatial variability. Physiological seed quality was not correlated with soil attributes. Wheat productivity showed a strong correlation between calcium and soil organic matter contents, as verified by analyzing the spatial distribution maps. The analysis of the spatial distribution maps of soil nutrients is a tool that can contribute to farmers’ decision making in the management of crop fertilization aiming at increasing productivity.

KEYWORDS
precision agriculture; fertility; seed quality; Triticum aestivum L.; spatial variability

Variable	Value		Mean	Classification^* * According to CQFS (2016); DSD = degree of spatial dependence; SPR = soil penetration resistance (MPa).	Coefficient			DSD	Range
Variable	Min	Max	Mean		Variation	Skewness	Kurtosis	DSD	Range
Ca	3.8	16.5	10.4	High	22.97	–0.37	0.82	22.28	500
Mg	1.1	5.7	3.7	High	24.99	–0.14	0.57	36.16	500
P	4.1	50.7	16.8	High	97.79	1.39	0.28	33.76	400
K	63	197	96.3	High	28.46	1.56	3.62	31.89	400
OM	1.9	4.2	3.1	Medium	15.86	–0.10	–0.08	21.48	500
CEC pH 7	2.1	34.7	22.1	High	26.01	–0.91	2.50	24.65	500
PH	4.8	5.5	5.24	Low	2.56	–0.82	1.79	29.99	600
S	13.1	30.7	18.6	High	24.17	1.02	0.05	11.53	500
Zn	1.3	5.5	3.5	High	30.97	0.07	–0.70	29.76	500
A1	0.1	0.7	0.2	–	52.45	3.04	14.38	27.21	500
SMP index	5.1	5.9	5.5	–	3.85	–0.10	–1.04	14.68	500
Sand	36.7	66.6	49.6	–	12.8	0.36	0.02	20.22	500
Silt	9.9	20.9	15.5	–	15.27	–0.33	0.01	36.68	500
Clay	21.9	44.9	34.9	–	17.51	0.06	–0.91	15.47	500
SPR 0.00.10	0.353	1.126	0.664	–	30.05	0.49	–0.45	26.78	500
SPR 0.110.20	0.857	2.382	1.405	—	21.38	1.48	3.49	31.91	500
SPR 0.210.30	1.049	2.188	1.357	—	17.21	1.87	5.15	31.28	500
SPR 0.310.40	1.140	2.328	1.654	–	16.93	0.47	–0.12	46.63	300

Variable	Value		Mean	Coefficient			DSD	Range
Variable	Min	Max	Mean	Variation	Skewness	Kurtosis	DSD	Range
Prod.	2,739	5,378	4,243	12.44	−0.58	1.19	56.32	200
NE	333	479	402	3.68	0.13	−0.93	38.79	400
Prot.	13.3	15.6	14.5	3.68	−0.24	0.03	44.12	500
G	89	98	95	1.75	−1.40	3.44	50.76	200
FGC	66	95	83	8.12	−0.46	−0.16	33.6	500
AA	90	98	95	1.86	−0.87	1.01	42.52	400
SE	60	97	83	9.99	−0.44	0.23	51.3	200
EC	15	30	23	14.93	−0.29	−0.32	45.3	300

	Mg	P	K	OM	CEC_pH7	SMP	Al	S	Sand	Clay	SPR 0.0-0.10	SPR 0.11-0.20	SPR 0.21-0.30	SPR 031-0.40	Prod.	NE	Prot.	G	FGC	AA	SE	EC
Ca	0.844^ significant at 1% probability;	0 442^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.138^NS NS not significant.	0.932^ significant at 1% probability;	0.831^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.717^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.437^ significant at 1% probability;	0.663^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.905^ significant at 1% probability;	0.826^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.677^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.601^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.606^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.453^ significant at 1% probability;	0.722^ significant at 1% probability;	0.485^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.094^NS NS not significant.	−0.072^NS NS not significant.	−0.284^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.093“	0.067^NS NS not significant.	−0.284^NS NS not significant.
Mg		0239^NS NS not significant.	0.033^NS NS not significant.	0.786^ significant at 1% probability;	0.707^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.489^ significant at 1% probability;	−0475^ significant at 1% probability;	0.586^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.789^ significant at 1% probability;	0.726^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.555^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.553^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.534^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.290^NS NS not significant.	0.606^ significant at 1% probability;	0451^ significant at 1% probability;	0.058^NS NS not significant.	−0.119^NS NS not significant.	−0.276^NS NS not significant.	−0.072^NS NS not significant.	0.059^NS NS not significant.	−0.206^NS NS not significant.
P			0.088^NS NS not significant.	0.496^ significant at 1% probability;	0.492^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.598^ significant at 1% probability;	0.028^NS NS not significant.	0.488^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.423^ significant at 1% probability;	0.496^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.071^NS NS not significant.	0.055^NS NS not significant.	0.028^NS NS not significant.	−0.004^NS NS not significant.	0.400^ significant at 1% probability;	0.223^NS NS not significant.	0.026^NS NS not significant.	−0.156^NS NS not significant.	−0.279^NS NS not significant.	−0.287^NS NS not significant.	0.026“	0.003^NS NS not significant.
K				−0.028^NS NS not significant.	−0.022^NS NS not significant.	0.021^NS NS not significant.	0.119^NS NS not significant.	0.263^NS NS not significant.	0.057^NS NS not significant.	0.040^NS NS not significant.	0.282^NS NS not significant.	0.248^NS NS not significant.	0.233^NS NS not significant.	0.379^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.025^NS NS not significant.	0.008^NS NS not significant.	0.197^NS NS not significant.	−0.279^NS NS not significant.	−0.414^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.194^NS NS not significant.	0.124^NS NS not significant.	−0.329^* * significant at 5% probability;
OM					0.818^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.773^ significant at 1% probability;	−0 316^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.724^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.891^ significant at 1% probability;	0.839^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.614^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.483^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.489^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.397^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.716^ significant at 1% probability;	0.478^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.007^NS NS not significant.	−0.138^NS NS not significant.	−0.121^NS NS not significant.	−0.128^NS NS not significant.	0.085^NS NS not significant.	−0.380^* * significant at 5% probability;
CEC_pH7						−0.713^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.231^NS NS not significant.	0.663^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.819^ significant at 1% probability;	0.819^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.377^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.269^NS NS not significant.	−0.314^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.196^NS NS not significant.	0.629^ significant at 1% probability;	0449^ significant at 1% probability;	0.236^NS NS not significant.	−0.136^NS NS not significant.	−0.303^NS NS not significant.	−0.112^NS NS not significant.	0.037^NS NS not significant.	−0.317^* * significant at 5% probability;
SMP							−0.102^NS NS not significant.	−0.774^ significant at 1% probability;	0.786^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.832^ significant at 1% probability;	0.407^ significant at 1% probability;	0.244^NS NS not significant.	0.225^NS NS not significant.	0.246^NS NS not significant.	0.558^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.396^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.100^NS NS not significant.	0.230^NS NS not significant.	0.459^NS NS not significant.	0.191^NS NS not significant.	−0.115^NS NS not significant.	0.478^NS NS not significant.
Al								0.026^NS NS not significant.	0.295^NS NS not significant.	−0.166^NS NS not significant.	0.375^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.585^ significant at 1% probability;	0.609^ significant at 1% probability;	0.400^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.442^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.213^NS NS not significant.	0.081^NS NS not significant.	0.009^NS NS not significant.	−0.262^NS NS not significant.	0.287^NS NS not significant.	−0.126^NS NS not significant.	−0.295^NS NS not significant.
S									−0.731^ significant at 1% probability;	0.810^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.380^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.247^NS NS not significant.	−0.183^NS NS not significant.	0.083^NS NS not significant.	0.517^ significant at 1% probability;	0.376^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.188^NS NS not significant.	−0.298^NS NS not significant.	−0.495^ significant at 1% probability;	0.127^NS NS not significant.	−0.095“	0.223^NS NS not significant.
Sand										−0.934^ significant at 1% probability;	0.557^ significant at 1% probability;	0.521^ significant at 1% probability;	0.529^ significant at 1% probability;	0.407^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.568^**	−0.467^ significant at 1% probability;	0.110^NS NS not significant.	0.127^NS NS not significant.	0.355^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.113^NS NS not significant.	0.073^NS NS not significant.	0.378^* * significant at 5% probability;
Clay											−0.438^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.361^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.323^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.212^NS NS not significant.	0.587^ significant at 1% probability;	0.269^NS NS not significant.	0.086^NS NS not significant.	−0.211^NS NS not significant.	−0.507^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.026^NS NS not significant.	0.102^NS NS not significant.	0.419^ significant at 1% probability;
SPR 0.0-0.10												0.761^ significant at 1% probability;	0.679^ significant at 1% probability;	0.529^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.502^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.419^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.096^NS NS not significant.	−0.011^NS NS not significant.	0.035^NS NS not significant.	−0.090^NS NS not significant.	−0.112^NS NS not significant.	0.053^NS NS not significant.
SPR 0.11– 0.20													0.871^ significant at 1% probability;	0.606^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.528^**	−0.399^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.004^NS NS not significant.	0.030 ^NS NS not significant.	−0.062^ significant at 1% probability;	0.026^NS NS not significant.	0.106^NS NS not significant.	−0.147^NS NS not significant.
SPR 0.21-0.30														0.769^ significant at 1% probability;	0.428^ significant at 1% probability;	0.359^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.183^NS NS not significant.	0.113^NS NS not significant.	−0.138^NS NS not significant.	−0.092^NS NS not significant.	0.084^NS NS not significant.	−0.230^NS NS not significant.
SPR 0.31–0.40															−0.237^NS NS not significant.	−0.116^NS NS not significant.	−0.345^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.154^NS NS not significant.	−0.210^NS NS not significant.	−0.098^NS NS not significant.	0.005^NS NS not significant.	−0.109^NS NS not significant.
Prod.																0.719^ significant at 1% probability;	0.282^NS NS not significant.	−0.238^NS NS not significant.	−0.315^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.216^NS NS not significant.	0.172^NS NS not significant.	−0.237^NS NS not significant.
NE																	0.183^NS NS not significant.	−3.367^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.149^NS NS not significant.	0.101^NS NS not significant.	−0.129^NS NS not significant.	−0.092^NS NS not significant.
Prot.																		−0.089^NS NS not significant.	−0.377^* * significant at 5% probability;	−0.222^NS NS not significant.	0.179^NS NS not significant.	−0.293^NS NS not significant.
G																			0.457^ significant at 1% probability;	0.323^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.138^NS NS not significant.	0.099^NS NS not significant.
FGC																				0.480^ significant at 1% probability;	−0.248^NS NS not significant.	0.529^ significant at 1% probability;
AA																					−0.101^NS NS not significant.	0.305^NS NS not significant.
SE																						−0.128^NS NS not significant.

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
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[1] *Corresponding author. Universidade Federal de Pelotas/ Pelotas - RS, Brasil. E-mail: gizeleingrid@gmail.com