A new striped species of <i>Brachychalcinus</i> (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from Amapá and Pará states, northern Brazil

A new species of Brachychalcinus is described from the rio Mapaoni, rio Jari basin, and the coastal rio Araguari, Amapá and Pará states, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except B. reisi, by possessing conspicuous longitudinal dark stripes across the body. It can be diagnosed from B. reisi by having longer predorsal and preanal spines, by having scales with few curved radii, and by having more scale rows between lateral line and midventral scale series. A single specimen from rio Tapajós (Pará, Brazil) bears all the diagnostic features of the new species and is herein tentatively identified as belonging to this taxon, extending its distribution to this river basin.

Keywords:
Brachychalcinus reisi ; Color pattern; Freshwater fishes; Stethaprioninae; Taxonomy

Authorship

James Raul Garcia-Ayala

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

Laboratório de Ictiologia, Setor de Zoologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu - UNESP, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (JRGA) jamesrga@hotmail.com (corresponding author), (RCB) ricardo.benine@unesp.br.Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"BrazilBotucatu, BrazilLaboratório de Ictiologia, Setor de Zoologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu - UNESP, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (JRGA) jamesrga@hotmail.com (corresponding author), (RCB) ricardo.benine@unesp.br.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-7025

Flávio César Thadeo de Lima

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Writing-review and editing

Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-863 Campinas, SP, Brazil. (FCTL) fctlima@gmail.com.Universidade Estadual de CampinasBrazilCampinas, BrazilMuseu de Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-863 Campinas, SP, Brazil. (FCTL) fctlima@gmail.com.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-5431

Cecile de Souza Gama

Conceptualization

Data curation

Funding acquisition

Investigation

Writing-review and editing

Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Av. Feliciano Coelho, 1509, 68900-260 Macapá, AP, Brazil. (CSG) cecilegama@hotmail.com.Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do AmapáBrazilMacapá, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Av. Feliciano Coelho, 1509, 68900-260 Macapá, AP, Brazil. (CSG) cecilegama@hotmail.com.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-6120

Ricardo Cardoso Benine

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Supervision

Writing-review and editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-9768

Edited-by

George Mattox

Correspondence

James Raul Garcia-Ayala jamesrga@hotmail.com

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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FIGURE 1 |
Brachychalcinus sabaji, holotype, IEPA 6879, 69.7 mm SL, Brazil, Amapá, rio Jari basin.

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FIGURE 2 |
Premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary of Brachychalcinus sabaji, LBP 34043, 52.6 mm SL, paratype, lateral view, right side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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FIGURE 3 |
Map showing the known distribution of Brachychalcinus sabaji. Red star indicates the type-locality. Symbols may represent more than one lot.

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FIGURE 4 |
Brachychalcinus species groups according to color pattern: 1. “B. copei pattern”: A.B. copei, LBP 23616, 81.3 mm SL; B. B. restrospina, NUP 21577, 58.7 mm SL; C.B. nummus, LBP 28578, 48.0 mm SL; D.B. parnaibae, MZUSP 87486, 54.1 mm SL. 2. “B. signatus pattern”: E.B. orbicularis, ROM 102235, 52.1 mm SL; F.B. signatus, paratype, INPA 5667, 48.4 mm SL. 3. “B. reisi pattern”: G.B. reisi, LBP 24499, 54.6 mm SL; H.B. sabaji, paratype, IEPA 4980, 62.8 mm SL, lateral view, left side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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FIGURE 5 |
Preanal spine of Brachychalcinus: A.B. sabaji, LBP 34043, paratype, 52.6 mm SL; B. MCP 11033, B. orbicularis, 48.2 mm SL; C.B. reisi, paratype, MZUSP 119482, 52.2 mm SL, lateral view, left side. Scale bars = 1 mm.

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FIGURE 6 |
Radiograph of the Brachychalcinus sabaji, LBP 2331523456, 62.6 mm SL, rio Tapajós, Itaituba, Pará, Brazil, lateral view, left side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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TABLE 1 |
Morphometric data of Brachychalcinus sabaji.N = 13 specimens, including the holotype. SD = Standard deviation.

FIGURE 1 | Brachychalcinus sabaji, holotype, IEPA 6879, 69.7 mm SL, Brazil, Amapá, rio Jari basin.

FIGURE 2 | Premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary of Brachychalcinus sabaji, LBP 34043, 52.6 mm SL, paratype, lateral view, right side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 | Map showing the known distribution of Brachychalcinus sabaji. Red star indicates the type-locality. Symbols may represent more than one lot.

FIGURE 4 | Brachychalcinus species groups according to color pattern: 1. “B. copei pattern”: A.B. copei, LBP 23616, 81.3 mm SL; B. B. restrospina, NUP 21577, 58.7 mm SL; C.B. nummus, LBP 28578, 48.0 mm SL; D.B. parnaibae, MZUSP 87486, 54.1 mm SL. 2. “B. signatus pattern”: E.B. orbicularis, ROM 102235, 52.1 mm SL; F.B. signatus, paratype, INPA 5667, 48.4 mm SL. 3. “B. reisi pattern”: G.B. reisi, LBP 24499, 54.6 mm SL; H.B. sabaji, paratype, IEPA 4980, 62.8 mm SL, lateral view, left side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 | Preanal spine of Brachychalcinus: A.B. sabaji, LBP 34043, paratype, 52.6 mm SL; B. MCP 11033, B. orbicularis, 48.2 mm SL; C.B. reisi, paratype, MZUSP 119482, 52.2 mm SL, lateral view, left side. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 | Radiograph of the Brachychalcinus sabaji, LBP 2331523456, 62.6 mm SL, rio Tapajós, Itaituba, Pará, Brazil, lateral view, left side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

TABLE 1 | Morphometric data of Brachychalcinus sabaji.N = 13 specimens, including the holotype. SD = Standard deviation.

	Holotype	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	69.7	52.7 –70.7	61.5	–
Percentage of standard length
Snout to dorsal-fin origin	56.1	55.4–58.8	52.7	1.0
Snout to adipose-fin origin	90.0	85.9–93.2	90.2	1.7
Snout to anal-fin origin	69.4	69.2–76.1	72.1	2.6
Snout to pelvic-fin origin	55.4	55.5–61.3	58.3	2.5
Snout to pectoral-fin origin	32.8	32.6–33.9	33.3	0.5
Dorsal-fin origin to pectoral-fin origin	58.7	57.3–62.4	59.1	1.6
Dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin	68.6	65.8–76.0	70.6	3.5
Dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin origin	72.1	68.1–79.9	74.2	3.6
Dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin end	59.7	54.6–61.9	58.8	1.9
Dorsal-fin origin to hypural joint	62.5	55.4–63.1	59.9	1.8
Dorsal-fin origin to adipose-fin origin	45.3	41.9–46.7	44.6	1.4
Length of dorsal-fin base	19.5	17.9–20.9	19.6	0.9
Dorsal-fin end to pelvic-fin origin	63.2	61.6–69.5	64.7	2.4
Dorsal-fin end to adipose-fin origin	25.7	23.1–26.1	25.1	1.0
Dorsal-fin end to anal-fin origin	61.7	59.6–68.7	63.6	3.2
Dorsal-fin end to anal-fin end	39.8	36.1–42.0	39.4	1.7
Adipose-fin origin to anal-fin origin	64.3	62.4–68.3	64.4	2.0
Adipose-fin origin to anal-fin end	19.7	18.2–20.8	19.5	0.9
Adipose-fin origin to hypural joint	16.9	14.5–17.8	16.3	1.1
Distance from eye to dorsal-fin origin	43.7	43.1–46.3	44.9	1.5
Length of anal-fin base	49.1	46.1–51.1	48.5	1.1
Predorsal spine	5.4	5.2–6.0	5.6	0.2
Preanal spine	5.3	5.0–5.7	5.4	0.2
Anal-fin origin to hypural joint	13	8.3–13	10.3	1.3
Pectoral-fin length	27.3	26.4–30.7	27.9	1.3
Pelvic-fin length	15.9	15.4–17.3	16.2	0.7
Dorsal-fin length	31.7	31.0–36.4	33.2	1.8
Anal-fin length	20.6	19.7–25.5	22.3	1.6
Pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin	16.3	14.8–18.7	17	1.2
Pelvic-fin origin to adipose-fin origin	70.8	61.7–73.7	69.6	2.1
Pelvic-fin origin to hypural joint	72.5	59.0–72.9	68.1	2.1
Pelvic-fin origin to pectoral-fin insertion	23.7	23.5–27.3	25	1.8
Greatest body depth	69	65.7–76.3	70.5	3.1
Greatest body width	15	13.6–15.4	14.6	0.6
Caudal-peduncle depth	12.9	10.8–12.6	12	0.6
Head depth	58.6	55.1–63.8	58.8	2.4
Snout to supraoccipital crest	34.8	32.0–35.6	34.3	1.2
Head length	29.4	28.8–31.6	30.0	1.0
Percentage of head length
Preopercle length	90.1	90.1–94.3	92.6	1.1
Snout to anterior margin of eye	27.7	24.4–29.7	26.7	2.1
Snout depth	16.3	14.2–19.9	16.9	2.1
Upper jaw length	47	43.5–47.0	45.1	1.4
Eye diameter	40.7	40.4–43.1	41.5	1.2
Interorbital width	38.8	36.9–39.4	38	1.3

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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A new striped species of <i>Brachychalcinus</i> (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from Amapá and Pará states, northern Brazil

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[1] Edited-by

George Mattox