This paper aims to review the Brazilian Revolution debate by focusing on Guerreiro Ramos' criticism of the Marxist-Leninist ideology of the Brazilian Communist Party. According to Guerreiro Ramos, the Communist Party was an alienated organization which hindered the national revolutionary process. This work is divided into three parts: the first analyzes the revolutionary-populist-nationalist ideology, which had a significant intellectual influence on third world countries and of which Guerreiro Ramos was an important influence within Brazilian political thought; the second part presents Guerreiro Ramos' criticism to the revolutionary ideological program of the Brazilian Communist Party and his defense of a third-world socialism; finally some reflections.
socialism; nationalism; third-world