Acute kidney injury is an important cause of mortality and morbidity today and can occur due to several reasons. As time, geographic regions, and living conditions change, various etiological agents arise with nephrotoxic effects. Awareness of such nephrotoxic effects has been raised with the increasing frequency of addictive substance use, especially among young people in society.
Keywords:
synthetic cannabinoids; acute kidney injury; toxicity
| Author | Age | Peak creatinine (mg/dL) |
Peak creatinine kinase (U/L) |
RRT | Renal biopsy |
Renal pathology | ESRD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweeney et al.1616 Sweeney B, Talebi S, Toro D, Gonzalez K, Menoscal JP, Shaw R, et al. Hyperthermia and severe rhabdomyolysis from synthetic cannabinoids. Am J Emerg Med. 2016; 34(1):121.e1-2. | 27 | 2.2 | 57,050 | No | No | Rhabdomyolysis | No |
| Argamany et al.1717 Argamany JR, Reveles KR, Duhon B. Synthetic cannabinoid hyperemesis resulting in rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2016; 34(4):765.e1-2. | 27 | 13.88 | > 40,000 | No | No | Rhabdomyolysis | No |
| Zhao et al.1818 Zhao A, Tan M, Maung A, Salifu M, Mallappallil M. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney ınjury requiring dialysis as a result of concomitant use of atypical neuroleptics and synthetic cannabinoids. Case Rep Nephrol. 2015; 2015:35982. | 39 | 9.7 | 148,643 | HD | No | Rhabdomyolysis | No |
| Elçioğlu et al.1212 Elçioğlu OC, Başçı S, Bakan A, Aydin Bahat K, Özlük MY, Kiliçaslan I, et al. Synthetic cannabinoids associated acute kidney ınjury: case report. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nephrol. 2015; 10(2):43-6. | 28 | 6.5 | 191 | No | Yes | Acute tubular necrosis | No |
| Ukaigwe et al.1111 Ukaigwe A, Karmacharya P, Donato A. A gut gone to pot: a case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome due to K2, a synthetic cannabinoid. Case Rep Emerg Med. 2014; 2014:167098. | 38 | 4.78 | ?? | No | No | Prerenal (CHS) | No |
| Gudsoorkar et al.44 Gudsoorkar VS, Perez JA. A new differential diagnosis: synthetic cannabinoids-associated acute renal failure. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2015; 11(3):189-91. | 26 | 8.1 | 2,337 | HD | No | Not specified | No |
| Sherpa et al.55 Sherpa D, Paudel BM, Subedi BH, Chow RD. Synthetic cannabinoids: the multi-organ failure and metabolic derangements associated with getting high. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2015; 5(4):27540. | 45 | 3.06 | 301,901 | CRRT | No | Rhabdomyolysis | No |
| Kamel et al.2222 Kamel M, Thajudeen B. A case of acute kidney injury and calcium oxalate deposition associated with synthetic cannabinoids. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2015; 26(4):802-3. | 65 | 5.6 | Normal | HD | Yes | TIN, calcium oxalate crystals | ? |
| Kazory et al.2121 Kazory A, Aiyer R. Synthetic marijuana and acute kidney injury: an unforeseen association. Clin Kidney J. 2013; 6(3):330-3. | 22 | 7.05 | 338 | No | Yes | Acute tubular necrosis | No |
| Habboushe et al.2323 Habboushe J, Sedor J. Cannabinoid hyperemesis acute renal failure: a common sequela of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Am J Emerg Med. 2014; 32(6):690.e1-2. | 26 | 3.21 | Not specified | No | No | CHS | No |
| Thornton et al.2424 Thornton SL, Wood C, Friesen MW, Gerona RR. Synthetic cannabinoid use associated with acute kidney injury. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013; 51(3):189-90. | 26 | 7.74 | Normal | No | Yes | Rare globally sclerotic glomeruli, no evidence of acute glomerular disease |
No |
