Partitioning of rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in the Brazilian Northeastern Atlantic Forest

Ribeiro, Jacques C.; Lemos, Luis C. de A.; Santos, Julio C. N. dos; Brasil, José B.; Palácio, Helba A. de Q.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n1p21-26

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ARTICLE • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 23 (1) • Jan 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n1p21-26 copy

Partitioning of rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in the Brazilian Northeastern Atlantic Forest

Particionamento da chuva pelo processo de interceptação vegetal no semiárido nordestino

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Information on hydrology, and vegetation distribution is essential for the development of techniques and strategies to cope with droughts in semi-arid environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in the Brazilian Northeastern Atlantic Forest, and its correlations with rainfall characteristics. The study was conducted in the Bica watershed, in Portalegre, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The work was carried out in 2017, with monitoring of the throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in an area of 10 × 20 m. Total rainfall depths (TRD) and wind speed were measured, and the evapotranspiration (ET₀) was estimated. Based on this information, the intensity (I), kinetic energy (KE) and intensity at intervals of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min of each rainfall event were measured. Twenty rainfall events occurred during the study period. The vegetation showed interception of 44.9%, throughfall of 52.9%, and stemflow of 2.2% of the total rainfall. Three principal components (PC) were formed in the PC Analysis, explaining more than 84% of the total variance. PC1, PC2, and PC3 encompassed variables related to rainfall energy to overcome the vegetation physical barrier, inflow and outflow, and variables dependent on the rainfall duration, respectively.

Key words:
caatinga; hydrology; semi-arid; principal component analysis

Datas	TDR (mm)	Ti		SF		IL
Datas	TDR (mm)	(mm)	(%)	(mm)	(%)	(mm)	(%)
02/10/2017	4.6	0.3	7.2	0.0	0.2	4.2	92.5
02/11/2017	37.1	32.4	87.4	1.0	2.7	3.7	9.9
02/12/2017	9.9	4.7	47.5	0.2	1.9	5.0	50.6
03/05/2017	24.7	19.6	79.1	0.6	2.6	4.5	18.3
03/10/2017	15.5	11.0	71.5	0.4	2.4	4.0	26.1
03/11/2017	4.6	0.3	7.2	0.0	0.2	4.2	92.6
03/13/2017	43.9	25.1	57.2	0.8	1.9	18.0	40.9
04/01/2017	23.5	16.5	70.2	0.4	1.9	6.5	27.8
04/11/2017	12.4	5.9	47.8	0.3	2.3	6.2	50.0
04/12/2017	6.2	1.7	28.3	0.1	1.9	4.3	69.7
04/24/2017	31.5	20.7	65.6	0.8	2.5	10.1	31.9
05/04/2017	26.0	9.5	36.7	0.4	1.5	16.0	61.8
05/11/2017	23.5	13.9	59.3	0.5	2.2	9.1	38.6
05/12/2017	19.2	14.0	72.9	0.6	3.1	4.6	24.0
05/29/2017	66.8	39.3	58.9	1.2	1.8	26.2	39.3
06/01/2017	36.5	23.6	64.7	1.5	4.1	11.4	31.1
06/02/2017	28.4	15.9	55.9	0.9	3.2	11.6	40.9
06/12/2017	9.9	7.1	72.0	0.3	2.7	2.5	25.3
06/22/2017	21.0	1.5	7.1	0.1	0.5	19.4	92.4
07/02/2017	21.6	13.2	61.0	1.1	4.9	7.4	34.1
Total	466.7	276.4	52.9	11.2	2.2	179.0	44.9

Monitored	Variables	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3
TRD (mm)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	13.64 a	25.04 a	17.19 a
	Max and Min	28.44 and 4.58	36.48 and 12.37	23.49 and 4.58
	Median and SD	9.89 and 8.59	25.35 and 8.59	17.19 and 10.92
ETo (mm d^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	3.77 a	4.31 a	5.07 a
	Max and Min	5.17 and 2.10	5.21 and 2.64	6.10 and 3.97
	Median and SD	4.06 and 1.24	4.88 and 1.12	5.07 and 1.07
WS (m s^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	0.14 a	0.07 a	0.17 a
	Max and Min	0.40 and 0.02	0.12 and 0.01	0.28 and 0.07
	Median and SD	0.13 and 0.13	0.09 and 0.05	0.17 and 0.11
I (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	2.20 a	4.84 a	2.84 a
	Max and Min	3.43 and 0.86	8.36 and 0.83	3.72 and 2.13
	Median and SD	3.00 and 1.15	4.88 and 2.68	2.84 and 0.81
T (min)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	180.86 a	297.00 a	672.00 a
	Max and Min	702.00 and 6.00	906.00 and 72.00	116.00 and 402.00
	Median and SD	162.00 and 242.40	183.00 and 315.69	672.00 and 387.50
KE (MJ ha^-1 mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	0.14 a	0.17 a	0.16 a
	Max and Min	0.17 and 0.11	0.20 and 0.11	0.17 and 0.15
	Median and SD	0.16 and 0.14	0.18 and 0.03	0.16 and 0.01
I5 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	15.43 b	37.20 b	184.80 a
	Max and Min	43.20 and 3.60	64,80 and 14.40	234.00 and 108.00
	Median and SD	7.20 and 16.06	36.00 and 17.59	184.80 and 67.38
I10 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	10.54 c	31.80 b	106.80 a
	Max and Min	28.80 and 1.80	59.40 and 14.40	117.00 and 97.20
	Median and SD	3.60 and 11.40	30.60 and 15.39	106.80 and 9.91
I15 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	7.71 c	27.60 b	78.40 a
	Max and Min	19.20 and 1.20	52.80 and 13.20	86.40 and 70.80
	Median and SD	2.40 and 8.40	26.40 and 13.99	78.40 and 7.81
I20 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	6.04 c	23.40 b	61.80 a
	Max and Min	14.0 and 0.90	45.90 and 11.70	73.80 and 53.10
	Median and SD	2.40 and 8.40	20.7 and 12.57	61.80 and 10.74
I30 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	4.11 c	18.40 b	41.80 a
	Max and Min	9.60 and 0,60	33.00 and 8.40	51.00 and 35.40
	Median and SD	1.20 and 4.32	16.20 and 9.01	41.80 and 8.17
I45 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	2.85 c	12.97 b	28.60 a
	Max and Min	6.38 and 0.40	21.95 and 6.38	36.31 and 23.54
	Median and SD	1.60 and 2.80	12.37 and 5.81	28.60 and 6.79
I60 (mm h^-1)	Nº of events	7	6	3
	Mean	2.19 c	9.95 b	21.80 a
	Max and Min	4.80 and 0.30	16.50 and 4.80	28.20 e and 17.70
	Median and SD	1.20 and 2.06	9.45 and 4.26	21.80 and 5.62

	TRD	IL	Eto	WS	I	T	KE	I5	I10	I15	I20	I30	I45	I60
TRD	1.00
IL	0.60	1.00
Eto	0.34	0.42	1.00
WS	-0.45	-0.44	-0.25	1.00
I	0.05	-0.18	-0.06	-0.19	1.00
T	-0.01	-0.22	0.26	0.67	-0.23	1.00
KE	-0.02	-0.12	-0.05	-0.07	0.93*	-0.19	1.00
I5	0.13	-0.11	0.18	0.16	0.06	0.40	0.17	1.00
I10	0.08	-0.18	0.21	0.26	0.13	0.58	0.22	0.95*	1.00
I15	0.06	-0.21	0.24	0.31	0.18	0.67	0.25	0.87*	0.98*	1.00
I20	0.04	-0.22	0.25	0.32	0.18	0.71	0.24	0.82*	0.96*	0.99*	1.00
I30	0.08	-0.20	0.28	0.30	0.20	0.72	0.24	0.79*	0.93*	0.98*	0.99*	1.00
I45	0.06	-0.20	0.30	0.30	0.22	0.72	0.24	0.76*	0.92*	0.97*	0.99*	1.00*	1.00
I60	0.07	-0.20	0.31	0.30	0.22	0.73	0.25	0.75*	0.91*	0.97*	0.99*	1.00*	1.00*	1.00

Variables	Components
Variables	1	2	3
I20	0.99	0.02	0.00
I15	0.99	0.04	0.01
I30	0.99	0.05	-0.01
I45	0.99	0.05	0.00
I60	0.98	0.06	0.00
I10	0.96	0.07	-0.01
I5	0.84	0.12	-0.03
T	0.73	-0.32	-0.40
TRD	0.04	0.77	-0.28
WS	0.37	-0.76	-0.08
IL	-0.24	0.71	-0.42
ETo	0.27	0.55	-0.40
Int	0.18	0.33	0.89
EC	0.24	0.30	0.87
Eigenvalue	7.36	2.31	2.18
Variance explained (%)	52.60	16.49	15.57
Cumulative Variance (%)	52.60	69.09	84.66

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[1] jacquesfilho1@hotmail.com (Corresponding author)