Corn grain quality at different harvesting times

Cordeiro, Madison W. S.; Ribeiro, Dionei; Ferrari, Roseli A.; Dalchiavon, Flávio C.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n10p703-709

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 25 (10) • Oct 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n10p703-709 copy

Corn grain quality at different harvesting times¹ 1 Research developed at Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campo Novo do Parecis, MT, Brazil

Qualidade de grãos de milho em diferentes épocas de colheita

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Unsatisfactory grain yield results for corn are associated with longer delays before grain harvesting.

Significant lipid and protein losses occurred as the grains dried naturally in the field.

Delaying harvesting for 28 days promotes significant changes in the lipid quality of the grain.

ABSTRACT

Harvesting time is one of the main factors that influences grain quality, largely due to their exposure to biotic and abiotic factors during pre-harvest. As such, this study aimed to assess corn grain quality in response to different harvesting times in the municipality of Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with a strip-plot scheme, consisting of three corn hybrids (NS90 PRO, NS92 PRO 2 and BG7439), five harvesting times (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after physiological maturity - DAPM), with three repetitions. The variables grain yield, 1000 grain weight, bulk density, electrical conductivity and proximate composition were analyzed at each of the proposed harvesting times and lipid composition was assessed only at 0 and 28 DAPM. Data were submitted to ANOVA, regression analysis and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Delayed harvesting influenced all the variables studied, except ash concentration. The longer the grains remain on the plant after physiological maturity, the worse the grain yield and their physical, chemical and nutritional quality.

Key words:
Zea mays; delayed harvesting; nutritional quality; physiological maturity

Characteristics	Sources of variation
Characteristics	Days (D)	Hybrids (H)	D × H
Grain yield	5.47* - 7.74	2.23^ns - 5.7	0.83^ns - 5.62
Bulk density	157.20**- 1.48	120.60** - 1.88	4.24** - 1.79
1000 grain weight	637.49** - 2.45	98.19** - 3.24	13.6** - 2.82
Electrical conductivity	24.55** - 9.74	5.20^ns - 7.73	3.17* - 7.64
Moisture content	235.85** - 10.13	124.94** - 4.65	4.82** - 8.37
Protein	317.81** - 2.39	35.03* - 3.63	1.71^ns - 3.55
Lipids	122.81** - 7.32	28.78** - 8.53	3.69* - 6.77
Ash	7.06** - 4.74	0.27^ns - 5.31	0.39^ns - 7.50
Carbohydrates	302.42** - 3.94	64.78** - 2.46	4.84** - 3.66

Characteristics	Hybrids	Harvesting time
Characteristics	Hybrids	0	7	14	21	28
BD (kg ha^-1)	NS90 PRO	696.30 a	724.85 a	782.80 a	787.16 a	809.73 a
	NS92 PRO 2	611.96 b	679.60 b	699.11 b	729.99 b	748.03 b
	BG7439	632.00 b	701.69 ab	702.52 b	709.88 b	724.77 b
1000-GW (kg m³)	NS90 PRO	334.98 a	266.75 c	226.27 b	219.84 b	212.64 b
	NS92 PRO 2	346.54 a	311.01 b	25968 a	228.32 b	211.56 b
	BG7439	370.12 a	364.83 a	272.31 a	244.85 a	234.30 a
EC (µS cm^-1 g^-1)	NS90 PRO	8.95 a	11.82 a	11.87 a	11.90 a	11.97 b
	NS92 PRO 2	7.84 a	10.80 a	11.99 a	13.10 a	14.84 a
	BG7439	8.00 a	11.12 a	11.64 a	11.80 a	11.86 b
Moisture contente (%)	NS90 PRO	34.58 b	22.90 b	16.49 b	13.94 a	9.62 a
	NS92 PRO 2	46.27 a	31.17 a	22.05 a	13.88 a	12.94 a
	BG7439	37.63 b	25.48 b	18.78 b	13.16 a	11.13 a
Lipids (%)	NS90 PRO	10.10 a	8,57 a	6.78 a	6.31 a	5.63 a
	NS92 PRO 2	10.09 a	8.31 a	5.70 b	5.17 b	4.76 ab
	BG7439	8.01 b	3.38 b	5.41 b	5.01 b	4.64 b
Carbohydrates (%)	NS90 PRO	45.03 a	59.06 a	67.88 a	71.29 a	76.99 a
	NS92 PRO 2	32.64 b	50.61 b	63.40 a	72.85 a	74.40 a
	BG7439	44.59 a	59.35 a	67.65 a	74.18 a	76.88 a

Fatty acids	Hybrids
	NS90 PRO		NS92 PRO 2		BG7439
	0 days	28 days	0 days	28 days	0 days	28 days
Saturated	13.57 a	12.94 b	12.74 a	12.05 a	14.70 a	14.14 b
Palmitic acid C16:0	11.67 a	11.16 a	10.95 a	10.28 a	12.46 a	12.08 b
Stearic acid C18:0	1.91 a	1.77 a	1.79 a	1.76 a	2.24 a	2.06 a
Monounsaturated	34.30 a	33.43 a	34.63 a	32.92 b	31.97 a	30.74 a
Oleic acid C18:1	34.30 a	33.43 a	34.63 a	32.92 b	31.97 a	30.74 a
Polyunsaturated	47.73 a	49.23 a	48.22 a	50.63 a	48.93 a	50.70 a
Linoleic acid C18:2	46.83 a	48.18 a	47.00 a	49.15 a	47.81 a	49.36 a
Alpha-linoleic acid C18:3	0.90 b	1.05 a	1.22 b	1.49 a	1.12 a	1.34 a

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: madison.cordeiro@cnp.ifmt.edu.br

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Corn grain quality at different harvesting times1 1 Research developed at Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campo Novo do Parecis, MT, Brazil

Qualidade de grãos de milho em diferentes épocas de colheita

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Corn grain quality at different harvesting times¹ 1 Research developed at Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campo Novo do Parecis, MT, Brazil