This article discusses the emergence of the concept of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. It argues that the concept surfaces due to the limits of the epidemiologic transition theory in explaining the current trends in morbidity and mortality. The bases of the epidemiologic transition theory are discussed, as well as the reasons for its limits. Then, the concept of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the factors related to them, and the major episodes of emergence and reemergence of diseases in Brazil are presented. Finally, the article discusses the challenges brought by the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases, and the proposals to face them.
Epidemiology; Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, Brazil
