Salt stress and K/Ca ratios of the nutrient solution in the production and quality of the melon<sup/>

Oliveira, Renata Ramayane Torquato; Oliveira, Francisco de Assis de; Góis, Helena Maria de Morais Neta; Menezes, Paulo Victor de; Santos, Sandy Thomaz dos; Aroucha, Edna Maria Mendes; Almeida, José Gustavo Lima de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20230052

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 54 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230052 copy

Salt stress and K/Ca ratios of the nutrient solution in the production and quality of the melon¹ 1 Extracted from the dissertation of the first author, presented to the Graduate Program in Soil and Water Management of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, Brazil. This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brasil)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Melon cultivation under saline conditions is a challenge, as the plants can suffer a reduction in fruit production and quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of noble melon fruit fertigated with different saline solutions and K/Ca ratios. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with treatments arranged in a 3 x 6 factorial scheme, using three melon cultivars (Bazuca, McLaren, County) fertigated with six nutrient solutions [S1 - standard nutrient solution (SNS); S2 - SNS + NaCl (5.0 dS m^-1); S3 - S2 enriched with K (50%); S4 - S2 enriched with K (100%); S5 - S2 enriched with Ca (50%); S6 - S2 enriched with Ca (100%)]. At the end of each cultivar cycle, the fruit was harvested and assessed for the following parameters: fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter, internal cavity, pulp thickness, pulp firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, and vitamin C. Salt stress impaired the physical characteristics of the fruit of the three noble melon cultivars. The nutrient solution enriched with 50% K (S3) did not reduce the effect of salt stress on fresh weight or fruit size in the melon, but afforded an increase in fruit quality.

Key words
Cucumis melo L; Salinity; Fertigation

Solution	EC dS m^-1	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Solution	EC dS m^-1			mg L^-1
S1 - K/Ca = 1.5:1^* * Nutrient solutions S1 and S2 present the recommended nutrient concentration for the melon under NFT hydroponic cultivation (CASTELLANE; ARAÚJO, 1995). EC: Electrical Conductivity. S1 - standard nutrient solution (SNS); S2 - SNS + NaCl (5.0 dS m-1); S3 - S2 enriched with K (50%); S4 - S2 enriched with K (100%); S5 - S2 enriched with Ca (50%); S6 - S2 enriched with Ca (100%)	0.5	170	39	226	153	25	32
S2 - K/Ca = 1.5:1^* * Nutrient solutions S1 and S2 present the recommended nutrient concentration for the melon under NFT hydroponic cultivation (CASTELLANE; ARAÚJO, 1995). EC: Electrical Conductivity. S1 - standard nutrient solution (SNS); S2 - SNS + NaCl (5.0 dS m-1); S3 - S2 enriched with K (50%); S4 - S2 enriched with K (100%); S5 - S2 enriched with Ca (50%); S6 - S2 enriched with Ca (100%)	5.0	170	39	226	153	25	32
S3 - K/Ca = 2.2:1	5.0	170	39	339	153	26	32
S4 - K/Ca = 3:1	5.0	170	39	452	153	25	32
S5 - K/Ca = 1:1	5.0	170	39	226	203	25	32
S6 - K/Ca = 1:1.4	5.0	170	39	226	306	25	32

EC (dS m^-1)	pH	Ca²⁺		Mg²⁺		K⁺		Na⁺	Cl^-	CO₃²	HCO₃^-
EC (dS m^-1)	pH				...................mmol m^-3.........................
0.5	8.3	3.1		1.1		0.3		2.3	1.8	0.2	3.8

SV	DF	MS
SV	DF	FFW	TD	CAV	PT	FIRM	SS	TA	SS/TA
C	2	112445.94 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	1920.53 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	19.19 ^ns	101.52 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	451.88^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	5.01 ^ns	0.017^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	6366.13^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation
NS	5	9292782.73 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	3649.34 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	432.17 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	242.14^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	457.80^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	3.44 ^ns	0.0005 ^ns	335.51 ns
CxNS	10	501105.50 ^* * and	149.55^* * and	78.92 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	16.42 ^ns	79.84^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	7.12 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	0.0009 ^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation	1223.29^ significant at a level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively; ns - not significant at a level of 5%; C - = cultivars; NS - nutrient solutions; CV - coefficient of variation
Residual	90	20249.58	147.40	22.29	13.51	31.41	1.97	0.000314	242.53
CV (%)		19.66	9.81	11.96	11.46	14.5	14.57	14.46	20.32

Cultivar	Pulp thickness (mm)
Bazuca	33.75 a
McLaren	32.07 ab
County	30.40 b
Nutrient solution
S1	38.42 a
S2	28.27 d
S3	33.46 b
S4	32.49 bc
S5	30.61 cd
S6	29.19 cd

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