Cultivo hidropônico de quiabeiro utilizando soluções nutritivas salinas sob aplicação de ácido salicílico

Sousa, Pedro F. do N.; Dantas, Maíla V.; Lima, Geovani S. de; Soares, Lauriane A. dos A.; Gheyi, Hans R.; Silva, Luderlândio de A.; Lopes, Kilson P.; Fernandes, Pedro D.

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Sumário

Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Caatinga 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n419rc copiar

Cultivo hidropônico de quiabeiro utilizando soluções nutritivas salinas sob aplicação de ácido salicílico

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A limitada disponibilidade de água de baixa salinidade para irrigação no semiárido Nordestino tem restringido a produção de alimentos, fazendo necessário uso de estratégias para reduzir os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as plantas. Dentre as alternativas, destaca-se a aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na mitigação do estresse salino nas trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a, pigmentos fotossintéticos e crescimento do quiabeiro ‘Canindé’ em sistema hidropônico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em Pombal - PB, utilizando-se o sistema de cultivo hidropônico tipo Técnica de Fluxo Laminar de Nutrientes - NFT. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1; 3,6; 5,1 e 6,6 dS m^-1) considerados as parcelas e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 mM), as subparcelas, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A concentração de 3,6 mM de AS foi capaz de minimizar o efeito da salinidade da solução nutritiva na fluorescência da clorofila a e promoveu aumento na síntese de clorofila b das plantas de quiabeiro, aos 34 dias após o transplantio. A salinidade da solução nutritiva acima de 2,1 dS m^-1 afetou negativamente as trocas gasosas, o conteúdo relativo de água, os pigmentos fotossintéticos, o crescimento e elevou o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar das plantas de quiabeiro.

Palavras-chave
Abelmoschus esculentus L; Estresse salino; Fitormônio; NFT

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	gs	E	Ci	A	WUEi	CEi
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	0.27^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	6.12^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	118222.53^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	1287.00^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	27.68^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.02^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}
Linear Regression	1	0.06^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	17.99^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	32320.86^{^* * ,}	3684.05^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	76.76^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.05^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}
Quadratic Regression	1	0.08^{^* * ,}	0.33^ns	3135.98^ns	102.98^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Salicylic Acid (SA)	3	0.02^ns	0.65^ns	768.96^ns	1.00^ns	0.71^ns	0.00^ns
Linear Regression	1	0.01^ns	0.06^ns	1290.69^ns	0.47^ns	0.54^ns	0.00^ns
Quadratic Regression	1	0.01^ns	0.13^ns	802.78^ns	0.12^ns	1.07^ns	0.00^ns
Interaction (ECns × SA)	9	0.00^ns	1.94^ns	595.28^ns	13.58^ns	4.97^{^* * ,}	0.00^ns
Error 1	9	0.01	0.85	1321.87	4.32	1.54	0.00
Error 2	36	0.00	0.70	223.40	5.07	1.46	0.00
CV 1 (%)		24.63	21.37	24.75	9.10	23.04	28.58
CV 2 (%)		15.52	19.39	10.17	9.86	22.44	16.68

Source of variation	DF		Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	F₀	Fm	Fv	Fv/Fm
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	162802^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	421126^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	276573^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.005^ns
Linear Regression	1	383550^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	1048168^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	765973^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.008^ns
Quadratic Regression	1	97170^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	161034^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	27225^ns	0.006^ns
Salicylic Acid (SA)	3	6891^ns	100303^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	80923^{^* * ,}	0.003^ns
Linear Regression	1	2840^ns	266325^{^* * ,}	231412^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.003^ns
Quadratic Regression	1	1175^ns	11944^ns	961^ns	0.007^ns
Interaction (ECns × SA)	9	11750^{^* * ,}	105222^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	121635^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤0.01; CV - coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.}	0.018^ns
Error 1		3528	13152	18821	0.012
Error 2		7376	23211	24290	0.009
CV 1 (%)		12	7.66	12.86	15.44
CV 2 (%)		17.79	10.18	14.61	13.51

Source of variation			Mean squares
Source of variation	NL	PH	SD	LA	AGR_LA	RGR_LA
Salinity levels (SL)	35.125^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	59.101^ns	1.004^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	21613.269^{^* * ,}	17.633^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	0.0001^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}
Linear regression	126.025^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	139.129^ns	3.378^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	78594.431^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	62.575^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	0.0003^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}
Quadratic regression	0.071ns	33.325^ns	0.437^ns	992.886^ns	3.698^ns	0.00007^{^* * ,}
NK combination	22.817^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	73.427^ns	1.070^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	33087.144^{^* * ,}	6.705^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	0.00007^{^* * ,}
Interaction (SL × NK)	4.608ns	57.186^ns	0.122^ns	4023.606^ns	1.741^ns	0.00002^ns
Blocks	15.250^{^* * ,}	237.622^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	0.437^{^* * ,}	47258.423^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}	2.609ns	0.00013^{^ , respectively not significant and significant at a p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, CV= coefficient of variation.}
Residual	5.273	35.736	0.1333	6035.59	2.1903	1.904e^-5
Mean	21.125	48.743	4.26	541.01	6.103	0.0159
CV (%)	10.87	12.26	8.57	14.36	24.25	27.44

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E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.