Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents students of high school: influence of work

to evaluate and compare the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among high school adolescents with or without jobs, and to establish an association between risk factors and changes in lifestyle after starting to work.

Methods:

quantitative cross-sectional study. An instrument was applied to assess socio-demographic characteristics and habits. Dietary pattern was assessed by the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index. Nutritional status was assessed by the Z-score. Data were submitted to statistical analysis and comparison between groups and periods, as well as association and correlation was done.

Results:

the prevalence of high blood pressure was 7.7%. High BP affected 4.5% of non-workers and 10.9% of workers. Dietary patterns were inappropriate and 51.2% did not engage in physical activity. The prevalence of obesity was 28.3%. The results showed an association between work and alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity and reduced sleep quality.

Conclusions:

work increased exposure to certain cardiometabolic risk factors.

Descriptors:
Adolescent; Students; Work; Hypertension; Nursing

Characteristics	Sample		Employment Bond				p value
	Sample		No		Yes
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
Male	49	37.70	22	33.30	27	42.20	0.2976^* * p value obtained by the Pearson's Chi-square Test;
Female	81	62.30	44	66.70	37	57.80
Age
14-15	9	6.90	9	13.60	0	0.00	0.0029^ p value obtained by the Fisher's Exact Test;
16-18	121	93.10	57	86.40	64	100.00
No. of people in the household
01 - 04	85	78.70	36	80.00.	49	77.80	0.7809^* * p value obtained by the Pearson's Chi-square Test;
5 or more	23	21.30	9	20.00	14	22.20
Family income (in minimum wages)^* ***** Minimum wage value in the month of data collection: R$937.00.
Até 1	2	1.70	1	1.90	1	1.60	0.0022*
2 - 3	63	53.80	39	72.20	24	38.10
4 - 5	25	21.40	8	14.80	17	27.00
>5	27	23.10	6	11.10	21	33.30

Variable	Total sample		Employment Bond				p value
	Total sample		No		Yes
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Blood pressure							0.2030^ p value obtained by the Fisher's test;
Normotensive	120	92.30	63	95.50	57	74.75
Elevated BP	10	07.70	03	4.50	07	10.90
Z-Score							0.7354^* * p value obtained by the Chi-square test;
Normal	91	71.70	45	70.30	46	73.00
Overweight	36	28.30	19	29.70	17	27.00
BHEI ^* ***** BHEI Brazilian Healthy Eating Index.							0.5817^* * p value obtained by the Chi-square test;
Needs modification	63	61.20	35	55.60	28	44.80
Inadequate	40	38.80	20	36.40	20	41.70
Engagement in physical activity							0.4217^* * p value obtained by the Chi-square test;
Yes	63	48.80	35	52.00	28	45.20
No	66	51.20	32	47.80	34	54.80
Alcohol consumption							0.0085*
Yes	58	44.60	22	43.80	36	56.30
No	72	55.40	44	66.70	28	43.80
Tobacco consumption							0.1756^* * p value obtained by the Chi-square test;
Yes	12	09.30	04	06	08	12.90
No	117	90.70	63	94	54	87.10

Habit	Work activity				p value
	Before		After
	n	%	n	%
Physical activity	43	67.18	28	43.75	0.0053
Tobacco consumption	06	9.37	09	14.06	0.7630
Alcohol consumption	28	43.75	36	56.25	0.0593

Variable	Time	n	Sleep Score	Standard Deviation	p value
Sleep score	0	64	7.34	2.32	*0.0011^ * p value obtained through the paired Student's t-test.**
Sleep score	1	64	5.94	2.11

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Pedro Henrique Urbano de Freitas E-mail: pedrohuf@gmail.com