Factores relacionados a la ansiedad en residentes multiprofesionales en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Dantas, Eder Samuel Oliveira; Araújo Filho, João de Deus de; Silva, Glauber Weder dos Santos; Silveira, Maria Yohana Matias; Dantas, Marianny Nayara Paiva; Meira, Karina Cardoso

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (Suppl 1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0961 copiar

Factores relacionados a la ansiedad en residentes multiprofesionales en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Estimar prevalencia y factores relacionados a la ansiedad entre residentes multiprofesionales en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Métodos:

Estudio transversal, realizado en julio de 2020 con residentes multiprofesionales en salud (n = 67) de un hospital universitario. Utilizó la Beck Anxiety Inventory para evaluación de ansiedad. Analizaron los datos usando prueba chi-cuadrado, razón de verosimilitud y análisis múltiple mediante regresión de Poisson con variación robusta.

Resultados:

Proporción de ansiedad moderada/grave fue de 31,30%, que presentó relación significante con trabajar en sectores envolviendo COVID-19 y directamente con casos sospechosos/confirmados. En el análisis múltiple, observó prevalencia de ansiedad en los participantes que precisaron de acompañamiento psicológico después de entrada en la residencia y que usaban psicotrópicos.

Conclusión:

Resultados parecen indicar que residentes tuvieron su salud mental perjudicada durante la pandemia, pero la manutención de las variables en el modelo también sugiere que buscaron ayuda para el control de la ansiedad.

Descriptores:
Ansiedad; Prácticas y Residencia; Hospitales Universitarios; Pandemia; Infecciones por Coronavirus

Variables	n	%
Age range
21-25	44	65.70
26-30	21	31.30
31-35	2	3.00
Gender
Female	51	76.10
Male	16	23.90
Marital status
Living alone	56	83.60
Living with a partner	11	16.40
Occupation
Nurse	15	22.40
Psychologist	12	17.90
Pharmacist	11	16.40
Physiotherapist	10	14.90
Nutritionist	10	14.90
Social worker	8	11.90
Dental surgeon	1	1.50
Residency program
Adult Intensive Care	26	38.80
Child Health	23	34.30
Cardiology	13	19.40
Psychosocial	5	7.50
Year of residence
1st	35	52.20
2nd	32	47.80
Family income
Residence scholarship ^* * Value of the residency grant in 2020: R$3,330.43, with a R$667.00 bonus during the confrontation with the new coronavirus in the country, totaling R$3,997.43 during this period.	33	49.30
4 to 10 minimum wages ^ Minimum wage in Brazil, in 2020: R$1,045.00.	33	49.30
< 10 minimum wages	1	1.50
Degree of satisfaction with the residency
Reasonable/good /excellent	57	85.10
Bad/terrible	10	14.90
Psychological monitoring before residency?
No	40	59.7
Yes	27	40.3
Psychological help after residency?
No	46	68.70
Yes	21	31.30
Psychiatric help after entering residency?
No	61	91.00
Yes	6	9.00
Do you use any psychiatric drugs at this time?
No	57	85.10
Yes	10	14.90
Beck's Anxiety Inventory
Minimum/light	46	68.70
Moderate/severe	21	31.30

Variables	n	%
Have you worked directly with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19?
Yes	45	67.20
No	22	32.80
Have you received training for assistance in COVID-19?
Yes	52	77.60
No	15	22.40
Do you feel technical and scientific security to work in the COVID-19 sector?
Yes	40	59.70
No	27	40.30
In your sector, is personal protective equipment available?
Always	40	59.70
Sometimes	21	31.30
Never	4	6.00
Not applicable	2	3.00
During the pandemic, did you experience harassment?
Yes	46	68.70
No	21	31.30
Did you suffer sexual harassment?
Yes	1	1.50
No	66	98.50
Psychological harassment?
Yes	25	37.30
Não	42	62.70
Bullying?
Yes	30	44.8
No	37	55.2
Have you suffered any type of violence during your residence?
Yes	15	22.40
No	52	77.60

Variables	Anxiety				p
	Mínimo/ leve		Moderado/ grave
	n	%	n	%
Gender
Female	34	73.91	17	80.95	0.53^* * Chi-square test;
Male	12	26.09	4	19.05	0.53^* * Chi-square test;
Age range
21-25	26	56.52	18	85.71	0.04^ Likelihood ratio.
26-30	18	39.13	3	14.29
31-35	2	4.35	0	0.00
Family income
Residency scholarship only	25	54.35	8	38.10	0.19^* * Chi-square test;
4 to 10 minimum wages	21	45.65	12	57.14
< 10 minimum wages	0	0.00	1	4.76
Did you require psychological counseling after entering the residence?
No	38	82.61	8	38.10	0.001^* * Chi-square test;
Yes	8	17.39	13	61.90	0.001^* * Chi-square test;
Did you require psychiatric assistance after entering the residence?
No	43	93.48	18	85.71	0.30^* * Chi-square test;
Yes	3	6.52	3	14.29	0.30^* * Chi-square test;
Do you use any psychiatric drugs?
No	43	93.48	14	66.67	0.006^ Likelihood ratio.
Yes	3	6.52	7	33.33	0.006^ Likelihood ratio.
During your residency, during the COVID-19 pandemic, have you ever suffered bullying?
No	28	60.87	9	42.86	0.17^ Likelihood ratio.
Yes	18	39.13	12	57.14	0.17^ Likelihood ratio.
Have you suffered any violence during your residency?
No	38	82.61	14	66.67	0.15^ Likelihood ratio.
Yes	8	17.39	7	33.33	0.15^ Likelihood ratio.
Does your sector have suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19?
Yes	24	52.17	16	76.19	0.05^ Likelihood ratio.
No	22	47.83	5	23.81	0.05^ Likelihood ratio.
Have you worked directly with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19?
No	19	41.30	3	14.29	0.03^* * Chi-square test;
Yes	27	58.70	18	85.71	0.03^* * Chi-square test;

Variables	RP^* * Prevalence ratio; gross (IC95%)	RP^* * Prevalence ratio; adjusted (IC95%)
Did you require psychological counseling after entering the residence?
No	1^ Reference category.
Yes	1.30 (1.02-2.10)	1.48 (1.01-2.19)
Use of psychiatric drugs?
No	1^ Reference category.
Yes	1.80 (1.30-2.20)	1.92 (1.38-2.67)

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[1] Corresponding author: Eder Samuel Oliveira Dantas E-mail: edersamuel_rn@hotmail.com