Prevalência y factores asociados a la iniciación sexual en adolescentes escolares de Piauí, Brasil, 2015

Castro, Lucélia da Cunha; Viana, Vera Alice Oliveira; Rufino, Andréa Cronemberger; Madeiro, Alberto Pereira

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Brasil

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Sumário

Original article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 32 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000100020 copiar

Prevalência y factores asociados a la iniciación sexual en adolescentes escolares de Piauí, Brasil, 2015

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Objetivo:

analizar prevalencia y factores asociados a la iniciación sexual de adolescentes en Piauí.

Métodos:

estudio transversal, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Adolescente, 2015. Se realizó análisis jerárquico mediante regresión robusta de Poisson.

Resultados:

han sido entrevistados 3.872 adolescentes. Hubo prevalencia de iniciación sexual del 24,2%, estando asociada con ser hombre (RP = 2,18; IC_95% 1,90;2,47), tener 15 años o más (RP = 2.49; IC_95% 2,18;2,76), vivir con la madre (RP = 0,68; IC_95% 0,54;0,82), trabajar (RP = 1.82; IC_95% 1,55;2,10), estudiar en escuela pública (RP = 1,39; IC_95% 1,09;1,75), practicar bullying (RP = 1,50; IC_95% 1,31;1,72), consumir alcohol (RP = 2.35; IC_95% 2,09;2,64), consumir cigarrillos (RP = 1,46; IC_95% 1,22;1,70) y consumir drogas ilícitas (RP = 1,40; IC_95% 1,15;1,66).

Conclusión:

la prevalencia de iniciación sexual fue alta y se asoció con comportamientos vulnerables a la salud y características sociodemográficas, indicando estrategias para de promoción de la salud.

Palabras clave:
Salud Sexual y Reproductiva; Conducta Sexual; Conducta del Adolescente; Salud del Adolescente; Salud del Estudiante; Estudios Transversales

Variables	Total		Already had sexual intercourse? Yes		PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Variables	n	%	n	%	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Sex (n = 3,872)
Male	1,820	47.0	623	37.1	2.42	2.04;2.65	< 0.001
Female	2,052	53.0	307	15.6	1.00
Age group (in years) (n = 3,872)^d
13 and 14	2,577	66.6	396	15.4	1.00		< 0.001
15 or over	1,295	33.4	540	41.7	2.76	2.33;2.98
Race/skin color (n = 3,867)
White	949	24.6	212	23.8	1.00		0.242
Black	503	13.0	154	31.8	1.38	0.98;1.57
Asian	133	3.4	32	26.9	1.07	0.76;1.52
Mixed race	2,184	56.5	507	24.8	1.04	0.90;1.23
Indigenous	98	2.5	24	29.7	1.11	0.73;1.65
Living with mother (n = 3,869)
Yes	3,417	88.3	771	24.0	0.65	0.54;0.72	< 0.001
No	452	11.7	158	38.5	1.00
Living with father (n = 3,865)
Yes	2,431	62.9	524	21.6	0.75	0.62;0.94	0.035
No	1,434	37.1	403	28.1	1.00
Maternal schooling (n = 2,940)
No schooling	279	9.5	82	30.9	1.52	1.20;1.96	0.001
Elementary education	1,138	38.7	317	28.2	1.42	1.27;1.70
High school education	876	29.8	189	22.0	1.10	0.91;1.39
Higher education	647	22.0	127	22.0	1.00
Type of municipality (n = 3,872)
Capital	2,008	51.9	424	21.8	0.78	0.59;1.15	0.284
Non-capital	1,864	48.1	506	27.0	1.00
Type of school (n = 3,872)
Public	3,077	79.5	801	27.3	1.62	1.53;1.90	< 0.001
Private	795	20.5	129	14.2	1.00
Internet access (n = 3,863)
Yes	2,448	63.4	585	25.6	0.98	0.82;1.12	0.916
No	1,415	36.6	345	25.8	1.00
Number of people in household (n = 3,869)
Living alone	7	0.2	3	23.1	1.41	0.89;2.16	0.493
2-5	2,974	76.9	711	25.6	1.00
6-9	844	21.8	200	24.9	0.99	0.85;1.15
10 or more	44	1.1	15	36.4	1.78	0.76;4.34
Working (n = 3,866)
Yes	305	7.9	148	47.6	2.21	1.90;2.56	< 0.001
No	3,561	92.1	782	23.6	1.00

Variables	Total		Already had sexual intercourse? Yes		PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Variables	n	%	n	%	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Guidance about pregnancy (n = 3,615)
Yes	2,915	80.6	696	25.6	0.88	0.75;1.04	0.361
No	700	19.4	181	27.5	1.00
Guidance about AIDS/STI^d (n = 3,684)
Yes	3,284	89.1	787	25.6	0.89	0.77;1.05	0.498
No	400	10.9	108	27.2	1.00
Guidance about condoms (n = 3,559)
Yes	2,381	66.9	654	28.8	1.35	0.98;1.70	0.130
No	1,178	33.1	236	21.0	1.00
Health service use (n = 3,801)
Yes	2,169	57.1	513	25.5	0.97	0.86;1.15	0.885
No	1,632	42.9	399	25.3	1.00
Knows about HPV^e vaccination (n = 3,795)
Yes	3,402	89.6	787	24.5	0.74	0.63;1.07	0.215
No	393	10.4	124	32.6	1.00
Vaccinated against HPV^e (n = 2,032)
Yes	1,400	68.9	168	11.4	0.57	0.36;0.81	< 0.001
No	632	31.1	134	25.8	1.00
Alcohol consumption (n = 3,855)
Yes	1,677	43.5	660	40.9	3.18	2.68;3.59	< 0.001
No	2,178	56.5	269	14.3	1.00
Cigarette smoking (n = 3,857)
Yes	517	13.4	292	59.0	2.97	2.60;3.27	< 0.001
No	3,340	86.6	636	20.8	1.00
Drug use (n = 3,852)
Yes	147	3.8	107	73.3	3.27	2.95;3.56	< 0.001
No	3,705	96.2	821	24.1	1.00

Variables	Total		Already had sexual intercourse? Yes		PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Variables	n	%	n	%	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Involvement in fights (n = 3,827)
Yes	166	4.3	92	57.7	2.45	2.09;2.82	< 0.001
No	3,661	95.7	829	24.2	1.00
Family aggression (n = 3,808)
Yes	429	11.3	153	37.1	1.58	1.33;1.86	< 0.001
No	3,379	88.7	761	24.1	1.00
Sexual violence (n = 3,825)
Yes	126	3.3	64	53.5	3.25	2.51;4.93	0.361
No	3,699	96.7	855	24.6	1.00
Difficulty in sleeping (n = 3,845)
Yes	2,293	59.6	573	26.3	1.09	0.97;1.23	0.328
No	1,552	40.4	354	24.7	1.00
Loneliness (n = 3,847)
Yes	2,381	61.9	585	25.7	1.04	0.93;1.17	0.932
No	1,466	38.1	345	25.6	1.00
Suffers bullying (n = 3,757)
Yes	1,628	43.3	436	28.2	1.21	1.10;1.39	0.039
No	2,129	56.7	467	23.8	1.00
Practices bullying (n = 3,843)
Yes	581	15.1	214	37.2	1.69	1.51;1.98	< 0.001
No	3,262	84.9	710	23.7	1.00
Perception of body (n = 3,800)
Thin	2,268	59.7	214	22.2	1.06	0.81;1.39	0.001
Normal	1,010	26.6	590	27.6	1.41	1.12;1.85
Fat	522	13.7	108	21.2	1.00
Satisfaction with body (n = 3,787)
Dissatisfied	2,930	77.4	729	25.9	1.02	0.84;1.26	0.253
Indifferent	325	8.6	66	25.9	1.26	1.05;1.51
Satisfied	532	14.0	113	22.0	1.00

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Variables	PR^a	95%CI^b	PR^a	95%CI^b	PR^a	95%CI^b
Sex
Male	2.18	1.90;2.47^c
Female	1.00
Age group (in years)
13 and 14	1.00
15 or over	2.49	2.18;2.76^c
Living with mother
Yes	0.68	0.54;0.82^c
No	1.00
Living with father
Yes	0.73	0.58;1.09
No	1.00
Maternal schooling
No schooling	0.92	0.75;1.25
Elementary education	1.06	0.84;1.28
High school education	0.91	0.75;1.10
Higher education	1.00
Type of school
Public	1.39	1.09;1.75^c
Private	1.00
Working
Yes	1.82	1.55;2.10^c
No	1.00
Suffers bullying
Yes			1.15	0.92;1.39
No			1.00
Practices bullying
Yes			1.50	1.31;1.72^c
No			1.00
Vaccinated against HPV^d
Yes			0.73	0.60;1.11
No			1.00
Involvement in fights
Yes					1.10	0.87;1.38
No					1.00
Family aggression
Yes					1.06	0.84;1.35
No					1.00
Body self-image
Thin					1.15	0.91;1.52
Normal					0.94	0.85;1.20
Fat					1.00
Alcohol consumption
Yes					2.35	2.09;2.64^c
No					1.00
Cigarette smoking
Yes					1.46	1.22;1.70^c
No					1.00
Illicit drugs use
Yes					1.40	1.15;1.66^c
No					1.00

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[1] * Correspondence
Lucélia da Cunha Castro lucelia.castro16@gmail.com