Body image distortion and dissatisfaction in incarcerated women

BARBOSA, Ana Paula Dias Inocêncio; LYRA, Clélia de Oliveira; BAGNI, Ursula Viana

doi:10.1590/1678-9865201932e190022

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Sumário

Original • Rev Nutr 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e190022 copy

Body image distortion and dissatisfaction in incarcerated women

Distorção e insatisfação com a imagem corporal em mulheres privadas de liberdade

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of Body Image distortion and dissatisfaction and evaluate the associated factors in incarcerated women in a closed regime.

Methods

Cross-sectional observational study, conducted with female inmates (n=107) in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Personal sociodemographic data were collected through an interview, and the height and weight were measuredto obtain the body mass index. Body image was assessed using a scale of silhouettes fi gures for Brazilian adults. Prevalence Ratios with their respective 95% Confi dence Intervals and Bland-Altman method were used in thestatistical analysis.

Results

A total of 83.3% of the participants were affected by body image distortion and 91.6% by body image dissatisfaction. More than a half (58.9%) wanted a lower Body Mass Index (9.01±5.25Kg/m²), however, 32.7% wanted to increase the body size (6.43±4.34Kg/m²). The sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status (PR=0.99; 95%CI:0.89-1.11), and the time of imprisonment (PR=1.06; 95%CI:0.94-1.19) were not associated with Body Image dissatisfaction. No associations were observed between body image distortion and the time ofimprisonment (PR=1.17; 95%CI:0.96-1.42) or nutritional status (PR=1.10; 95%CI:0.89-1.36).

Conclusion

Most female inmates were dissatisfied with their bodies and distort their body image, indicating the need for these aspects to be included in the health promotion actions in the prison system.

Keywords
Body image; Nutritional status; Prisons; Women’s health

Variables	Prevalence		CI(95%)
Variables	N	%	CI(95%)
Age (years) (n=106)
<30	46	43.4	33.8-53.4
30-49	55	51.9	42.0-61.7
>50	5	4.7	1.5-10.7
Schooling (n=72)
Knowing how to read and write/ Basic Education	47	65.3	53.1-76.1
Secondary/Higher Education	23	31.9	21.4-44.0
Post-graduation	2	2.8	0.3-9.70
Per capita family income (n=44)
<0.25 MW	30	68.2	52.4-81.4
0.25-0.50 MW	8	18.2	8.2-32.7
>0.50 MW	6	13.6	5.2-27.4
Marital Status (n=107)
Single/separated/widowed	73	68.2	58.5-76.9
Married/living with a partner	34	31.8	23.1-41.5
Time of imprisonment (n=91)
<12 months	33	36.3	26.4-47.0
12-24 months	34	37.4	27.4-48.1
>24 months	24	26.4	17.7-36.7
Frequency of visits (n=95)
Weekly	19	20.0	12.5-29.5
Fortnightly	14	14.7	8.3-23.5
Monthly	13	13.7	7.5-22.3
Sporadically	7	7.4	3.0-14.6
None	42	44.2	34.0-54.8
Have children (n=106)
No	16	15.1	8.9-23.4
Yes	90	84.9	76.6-91.1
Nutritional status ^* * Eutrophy: BMI between 18.5 to 24.9Kg/m2; Overweight: BMI from 25.0 to 29.9Kg/m2; Obesity: BMI from 30.0Kg/m2. (n=90)
Eutrophy	32	35.6	25.7-46.3
Overweight	33	36.7	26.8-47.5
Obesity	25	27.8	18.9-38.2
Body image distortion (n=90)
Absent	15	16.7	9.6-26.0
Present	75	83.3	74.0-90.0
Overestimation of the body	62	82.7	72.2-90.4
Underestimation of the body	13	17.3	9.6-27.8
Satisfaction with Body Image (n=107)
Satisfied	9	8.4	3.9-15.4
Dissatisfied	98	91.6	84.6-96.1
Desired body size (n=107)
Increase	35	32.7	24.0-42.5
Reduce	63	58.9	49.0-68.3
Maintain	9	8.4	3.9-15.4

Variables and categories	Outcomes
	Distortion			Dissatisfaction
	N	%	PR (95%CI)	N	%	PR (95%CI)
Age (years) (n=106)
<30	29	74.4	0.82 (0.67-1.01)	42	91.3	1.00 (0.89-1.12)
>30	46	90.2	1.00	55	91.7	1.00
Schooling (n=72)
Secondary/ Higher Education	18	85.7	1.00	22	95.7	1.00
Knowing how to read and write/Elementary Education	27	73.0	0.85 (0.66-1.11)	42	89.4	0.93 (0.82-1.07)
Marital Status (n=107)
Single/separated/widowed	52	85.2	1.08 (0.87-1.33)	66	90.4	0.96 (0.86-1.08)
Married/living with a partner	23	79.3	1.00	32	94.1	1.00
Time of imprisonment (months) (n=91)
<18 months	32	78.0	1.00	44	89.8	1.00
>19 months	30	90.9	1.17 (0.96-1.42)	38	95.0	1.06 (0.94-1.19)
Frequency of visits (n=95)
Not regularly	35	87.5	1.06 (0.88-1.28)	44	89.8	0.98 (0.86-1.12)
Regularly	33	82.5	1.00	42	91.3	1.00
Have children (n=106)
Yes	65	86.7	1.00	82	91.1	1.00
No	9	64.3	0.74 (0.50-1.11)	15	93.8	1.03 (0.89-1.19)
Nutritional status^ * Eutrophy: BMI between 18.5 to 24.9Kg/m2; Excess weight: BMI from 25.0Kg/m2. (n=90)*
Eutrophy	25	78.1	1.00	30	93.8	1.00
Excess weight	50	86.2	1.10 (0.89-1.36)	54	93.1	0.99 (0.89-1.11)
Body image distortion (n=90)
Present	-	-	-	70	93.3	1.00 (0.86-1.16)
Absent	-	-	-	14	93.3	1.00
Body image dissatisfaction (n=98)
Present	70	83.3	1.00 (0.69-1.45)	-	-	-
Absent	5	83.3	1.00	-	-	-

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[1] Correspondence to: UV BAGNI. E-mail:ursulaviana@gmail.com.