Effects of dietary high fructose corn syrup on regulation of energy intake and leptin gene expression in rats

López-Rodríguez, Guadalupe; Osuna, Silke Kotasek; García, Marcos Galván; Dieguez, Teodoro Suárez

doi:10.1590/1415-52732015000600003

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Artigos Originais • Rev. Nutr. 28 (6) • Nov-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000600003 copy

Effects of dietary high fructose corn syrup on regulation of energy intake and leptin gene expression in rats

Efeitos da ingestão de xarope de milho com alto teor de frutose na regulação da ingestão energética e na expressão gênica de leptina em ratos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate in Wistar rats the effect of chronic use of high fructose corn syrup on serum lipids, body weight, energy intake regulation, and expression of associated genes.

METHODS:

For 11 weeks, male rats were fed a standard diet with either water (control) or 15% high fructose corn syrup solution, or fed a high-fat diet. The rats' food intake and body weight were measured weekly. Expression of leptin and fatty acid synthase genes was quantified in their brain and adipose tissue upon sacrifice at age 119 days using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

The intake of 15% high fructose corn syrup did not affect the rats' weight, only the rats on the high-fat diet gained significant weight. The rats in both diets had lower levels of leptin expression and high levels of fatty acid synthase in the brain, which were associated with high serum triglycerides.

CONCLUSION:

Fifteen percent high fructose corn syrup intake and the high-fat diet reduced leptin gene expression in the brain of Wistar rats, with differential effects on weight gain.

Body weight; Diet, high-fat; Fatty acid synthase gene; Fructose; Leptin

	Control			HFr		HFat
Week	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD

	Energy intake (kcal/g weight/week)
2	3.6	0.25^a	4.7	0.32^b	4.0	0.52
4	3.1	0.18	3.5	0.24	3.3	0.28
8	2.2	0.12	2.2	0.13	2.4	0.17
10	1.8	0.10	2.3	0.14	2.2	0.13
11	1.8	0.12	2.3	0.23	1.9	0.39
	Protein intake (g/g weight/week)
2	0.24	0.02^a	0.26	0.02^a	0.16	0.01^b
4	0.21	0.02^a	0.17	0.01^b	0.09	0.01^bc
8	0.14	0.01^a	0.09	0.01^b	0.06	0.004^bc
10	0.13	0.10^a	0.14	0.14^a	0.05	0.003^b
11	0.12	0.12^a	0.10	0.13^a	0.05	0.39^b
	Energetic nutrient distribution (Ch-L-P %)
2	56-17-27	69-12-19	21-69-10
4	56-17-27	69-12-19	21-69-10
8	56-17-27	72-11-17	21-69-10
10	56-17-27	68-12-20	21-69-10
11	56-17-27	71-11-18	21-69-10
	Liquid intake (mL/g weight/week)
	Water		Fr (15%)							Water
2	1.23	0.22^b	2.38						0.35^a	1.4	0.26^b
4	0.97	0.13^b	1.50				0.14^a	0.7	0.17^b
8	0.68	0.12^b	1.32				0.13^a	0.7	0.17^b
10	0.52	0.11^b	1.17	0.12^a	0.7	0.13^b
11	0.6	0.12^b	1.2	0.13^a	0.6	0.19^b

Groups	Glucose mg/dL		Cholesterol mg/dL		Triglycerides mg/dL		HDL-c mg/dL
Groups
	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD	M	SD
	24 days of treatment
Control	104.8	17.1	94.1	7.2^a	140.9	15.8	41.6	4.5
HFr	95.5	13.4	123.2	11.1^b	143.9	16.7	34.3	2.1
HFat	103.2	21.7	111.4	13.2	133.5	13.7	46.2	7.1
p	0.222	0.018	0.263	0.168
	77 days of treatment					13.7	46.2	7.1
Control	94.5	6.5^a	102.1	8.0	105.5	12.1^a	56.6	4.6^a
HFr	96.2	3.8	94.8	7.2^a	210.3	17.1^b	27.3	3.3^b
HFat	142.1	12.9^b	121.3	7.6^b	183.2	18.2^b	27.5	3.9^b
p	≥0.001	0.005		≥0.001		≥0.001
								3.9^b

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS G LÓPEZ-RODRÍGUEZ designed the study, performed the data analysis, and wrote the study report. SK OSUNA and T SUÁREZ DIEGUEZ conducted the experimental analysis. M GALVÁN GARCÍA contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript.