OBJECTIVE:To report a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 presenting the occasional central nervous system feature of multiple hyperintensities and a prechiasmatic hamartomatous lesion. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient is a four-year old black boy whose father presented cafe-au-lait spots and history of ear tumor surgery. The neuropsychomotor development of the child was within the normal range, without seizures or learning deficit. At the physical exam, he had several cafe-au-lait spots and freckles. The magnetic resonance image showed multiple nodular and hyperintense images in T2 and Flair, with isosignal in T1, localized in the white matter of cerebellum, brainstem and cerebral hemispheres. A prechiasmatic hamartomatous lesion was also noted. Electroencephalographic evaluation and the neurological exam were normal. COMMENTS: The hyperintensities images verified in the magnetic resonance image corresponded to the "unidentified bright objects" (UBOs). They are observed in 60 to 70% of the children with neurofibromatosis type 1, being rare in adults. Its etiology and clinical meaning are still not clear. Some studies have associated them to cognitive dysfunction, neurological deficit and risk of malignization. Hamartomas close to the optic chiasm are unusual, but they can be related to early puberty. Central nervous system imaging of asymptomatic neurofibromatosis type 1 children is controversial. However, in cases in which UBOs are occasionally identified, it is important to consider their radiological follow-up, especially in the presence of multiple and atypical lesions.
neurofibromatosis 1; cafe-au-lait spots; central nervous system; magnetic resonance imaging; hamartoma
